段艳茹 和淑琪 陈亚平 马若 杨军章 桂富荣

摘要：【目的】明确高CO2浓度下西花蓟马在烟草上的发育和繁殖特征，为在大气CO2浓度不断升高背景下有效控制烟田西花蓟马种群數量，降低烟草番茄斑萎病的发生危害提供科学依据。【方法】分别在400和800 μL/L CO2浓度人工气候箱中用离体四季豆豆荚和烟叶饲养西花蓟马，研究2种CO2浓度下取食四季豆和烟草的西花蓟马各龄期发育历期、存活率、繁殖力（性比、雌成虫寿命、平均产卵期、单雌平均产卵量、单雌日均产卵量）和种群参数[净生殖率（R0）、平均世代周期（T）、内禀增长率（rm）、周限增长率（λ）、种群加倍时间（DT）]，诠释高CO2浓度下西花蓟马在烟草上的生长发育与繁殖特征。【结果】在400和800 μL/L CO2浓度下西花蓟马均能在烟草上正常生长发育和繁殖，但其1龄若虫至成虫的累计存活率仅为46.67%和55.00%，为相同CO2浓度下取食四季豆的西花蓟马的52.84%和60.00%，且成虫寿命显著缩短（P<0.05，下同），卵期、1～2龄若虫及未成熟期发育历期显著延长。相同CO2浓度下，取食烟草的西花蓟马R0、T、rm和λ均显著低于取食四季豆的西花蓟马，且DT显著长于取食四季豆的西花蓟马;取食烟草的西花蓟马雌成虫寿命、平均产卵期、单雌平均产卵量和单雌日均产卵量在400 μL/L CO2浓度下为取食四季豆的53.03%、45.40%、26.32%和55.73%，而800 μL/L CO2浓度下仅为取食四季豆的49.60%、44.03%、23.55%和54.75%。高CO2浓度下取食烟草的西花蓟马1～2龄若虫及未成熟期的发育历期显著长于正常CO2浓度下西花蓟马的发育历期，而取食四季豆的则相反;高CO2浓度下取食四季豆和烟草的西花蓟马未成熟期的存活率均高于或等于正常CO2浓度下西花蓟马的存活率，且性比增加，平均产卵期延长，单雌平均产卵量和单雌日均产卵量亦有所提高;种群参数R0、rm和λ均显著升高，DT显著缩短。【结论】西花蓟马可在烟草上正常生长发育、存活和繁殖，且CO2浓度倍增有利于其种群增长，从而加重烟草番茄斑萎病的发生危害。

关键词： CO2浓度;烟草;西花蓟马;生长发育;繁殖力

中图分类号： S433.89                              文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）02-0404-08

Abstract：【Objective】This study was designed to clarify the development and reproduction characteristics of Frankliniella occidentalis on tobacco under high CO2 concentration， and lay a foundation for pest control under the background of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration， and reducing the occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus（TSWV） on tobacco. 【Method】The developmental time， survival rate， fecundity（offspring sex ratio， female life span， average oviposition period， oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female） and population parameters[net reproductive rate（R0）， generation span（T）， intrinsic rate of increase（rm）， increment rate per unit（λ） and the time of double population size（DT）] of F. occidentalis were measured for F. occidentalis fed on isolated kidney bean and tobacco leaves under 400 μL/L and 800 μL/L CO2 concentrations in artificial climate chambers， which was to interpret the growth and reproduction chara-cteristics of F. occidentalis on tobacco under high CO2 concentration. 【Result】Under the two CO2 concentrations（400 μL/L and 800 μL/L）， F. occidentalis could grow， develop and reproduce normally on tobacco， but the cumulative survival rate from the 1st instar to adults were only 46.67% and 55.00%， respectively， which were 52.84% and 60.00% of those on kidney bean under the same CO2 concentration， adult longevity was significantly shortened（P<0.05， the same below）， and the developmental durations of egg， 1st-2nd instar and the immature stage of F. occidentalis fed on tobacco were significantly prolonged. Under the same CO2 concentration， R0， T， rm and λ of F. occidentalis fed on tobacco were significantly lower than those on kidney bean， and DT was significantly increased; female life span， average oviposition period， oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female of F. occidentalis fed on tobacco were 53.05%， 45.40%， 26.32% and 55.73% of those on kidney bean under normal CO2 concentration（400 μL/L）， respectively， while they were only 49.60%，44.03%，23.55% and 54.75% of those on kidney bean under elevated CO2 concentration（800 μL/L）. The developmental duration of the 1st- 2nd instar and immature stage of F. occidentalis fed on tobacco under high CO2 concentration were significantly longer than those under the normal CO2 concentration， while the case for those on kidney bean were the opposite. The survival rate of F. occidentalis fed on kidney bean and tobacco were higher under high CO2 concentration than those under normal CO2 concentration， offspring sex ratio， oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female of F. occidentalis were increased， and average oviposition period of F. occidentalis was prolonged; R0， rm， and λ of F. occidentalis fed on kidney bean and tobacco under high CO2 concentration were significantly higher than those under normal CO2 concentration， and DT was significantly shortened. 【Conclusion】F. occidentalis can grow， develop and reproduce normally on tobacco， and might be beneficial to its population growth under elevated CO2 concentration， which can aggravate the harm of tomato spotted wilt virus on tobacco.

Key words： CO2 concentration; tobacco; Frankliniella occidentalis; development and growth; fecundity

Foundation item： National Nature Science Foundation of China（31960565）， Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation（2019530000241009）

0 引言

【研究意義】西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande）]是一种重要的外来入侵害虫，其作为杂食性害虫除直接取食植物的茎、叶、花和果实外，还能以持久、增殖的方式传播番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus，TSWV）、凤仙花坏死斑病毒（Impatiens necrotic spot virus，INSV）和玉米褪绿斑驳病毒（Maize chlorotic mottle virus，MCMV）等，对寄主植物造成严重的间接危害（Kuo et al.，2014;Zhao et al.，2014;郑雪等，2015）。其中，番茄斑萎病毒隶属于布尼亚病毒目（Bunyavirales）番茄斑萎病毒科（Tospoviridae）正番茄斑萎病毒属（Orthotospovirus）（Maes et al.，2018），其寄主范围广泛，可侵染84科1090种植物（郑元仙和刘雅婷，2009），被列为世界危害最大的十种植物病毒之一。……