张婷 柳均 黎妍妍 廖晓玲 胡俊 王浩 周红审 肖少红 王康 汪宏毅

摘要：【目的】研究湖北烤煙的香型风格特征，明确香型与香韵、香气物质等指标的关系，建立烟叶香型预测模型，为精细化、多样化烟叶原料生产与供应提供数据支持。【方法】收集湖北省恩施、十堰、襄阳和宜昌4个主产烟区18个县（市）的72个中桔三（C3F）等级烤烟样品，对其香型、香韵、香气物质及理化指标进行评吸、检测，并对相关数据进行统计分析，建立回归预测模型。【结果】湖北烤烟为中间香型风格，香韵有干草香、正甜香、木香、焦香、青香、辛香、清甜香、焦甜香和树脂香，其中干草香和正甜香为主要香韵。产区间烟叶香型及香韵中清甜香、正甜香、焦甜香和树脂香差异达极显著水平（P<0.01，下同）。根据烟叶香型风格划分为恩施、宜昌—醇甜香典型区，十堰—醇甜清甜香区，襄阳—醇甜焦甜香区。简单相关分析发现，与香型呈显著（P<0.05，下同）或极显著正相关的指标有干草香、正甜香、苯乙醇、10-十一烯醛、兔耳草醛、异佛尔酮、巨豆三烯酮、β-大马酮和异丁酸香叶酯，呈显著或极显著负相关的指标为焦甜香、树脂香、含梗率和氯。方差分析发现产区间香气物质存在显著差异有25种，化学指标存在显著差异有4种。通过逐步回归分析建立了香型与14种关键香气、化学成分指标的线性回归方程：香型T=2.590+0.898×2-乙基己醇-0.028×苯甲醛-0.660×邻甲基苯甲醛-0.020×藏红花醛+0.326×2-庚烯醛+0.011×巨豆三烯酮+0.001×3-甲基-2，5-呋喃二酮+3.210×甲基环戊烯醇酮-6.051×1，4-环己二酮+5.663×3-甲基-2（5H）呋喃酮-4.075×己酸甲酯-5.053×α-当归内酯-0.141×还原糖+3.458×氮碱比。【结论】湖北烤烟香型风格为中间香型特征，香韵丰富，干草香和正甜香为主要香韵。4个产区的烤烟香气特征鲜明，通过逐步回归分析建立了香型与14种香气和化学成分关键指标的线性回归方程，建立的回归模型可用于烟叶香型风格预测，对烟叶原料精细化、多样化的生产与开发具有重要参考价值。

关键词： 烤烟;香型;香韵;香气物质;湖北

中图分类号： S572                        文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）02-0385-08

Abstract：【Objective】In order to provide data support for the production and supply of refined and diversified tobacco raw materials， the flavor characteristics of tobacco in Hubei were studied， the relationship between aroma type and aroma note，aroma components and other indicators was clarified，and the prediction model of tobacco aroma type was established. 【Method】A total of 72 middle orange grade 3（C3F） flue-cured tobacco samples were collected from 18 counties（cities）in Enshi，Shiyan，Xiangyang and Yichang in Hubei. The aroma type，aroma note，aroma components and physicochemical indexes of the samples were evaluated and detected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed to establish a regression prediction model. 【Result】Hubei flue-cured tobacco was intermediate aroma type，with hay fragrance，sweet fragrance，woody fragrance，burnt fragrance，green fragrance，spicy fragrance，light sweet fragrance，burnt sweet fragrance and resin fragrance，of which hay and positive sweet fragrance were the main aroma note. There were extremely significant differences（P<0.01，the same below） in aroma types of tobacco leaves among different producing areas，and aroma notes including sweet fragrance，positive sweet fragrance，burnt fragrance and resin fragrance. According to the aroma type of tobacco leaves，it could be divided into Enshi，Yichang-typical mellow and sweet fragrance aroma areas，Shiyan-mellow and sweet fragrance aroma area，Xiangyang-mellow and sweet fragrance aroma area. Simple correlation analysis showed that the significant（P<0.05，the same below） or extremely significant positive correlation indexes with aroma types were hay fragrance，positive sweet fragrance，megastigmatrienone， isophorone，rabdosial，10-undecanonal，phenylethanol，β-damascus，geranyl isobutyrate，while the significant or extremely significant negative correlation indexes were burnt sweet fragrance，resin fragrance，stem percentage and chlorine. Variance analysis showed that there were 25 kinds of aroma components and 4 kinds of chemical indexes that had significant difference. Through stepwise regression analysis，the linear regression equation between aroma types and 14 key aromas and chemical components was established：aroma type T=2.590+0.898×2-ethylhexyl alcohol -0.028×benzaldehyde-0.660×o-methylbenzaldehyde-0.020×saffron aldehyde+0.326×2-heptenenal+0.011×megastigmatrienone+0.001×3-methyl-2，5-furandione+3.210×methylcyclopentenone-6.051× 1，4-cyclohexanedione+5.663×3-methyl-2（5H）furanone-4.075×methyl hexanoate-5.053×α-angelica lactone-0.141×reducing sugar+3.458×nitrogen-alkali ratio. 【Conclusion】The results show that the aroma type of Hubei flue-cured tobacco is intermediate aroma type，with rich aroma，hay and positive sweet fragrance as the main aroma. The aroma characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in four main production areas are distinct. The linear  regression equation of aroma types and the 14 aromas and chemical components key indexes was established by  stepwise regression analysis. The regression model established can be used to predict the aroma type of tobacco leaves，which has important reference value for the production and development of refined and diversified tobacco raw materials.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco; aroma type; aroma note; aroma components; Hubei

Foundation item： Major Science and Technology Project of China National Tobacco Corporation（110201901042（LS-05））; Key  Science and Technology Project of Hubei Tobacco Company（027Y2020-020）

0 引言

【研究意义】烤烟是中式卷烟的重要原料，烤烟的香型香韵是中式卷烟风格的重要构成因素，是烟叶质量风格特色的重要表征（唐远驹，2011）。香型是烟叶燃吸时烟气中所有香韵的综合体现，香韵是烟气所表现出的某种香气韵调（赵铭钦，2008;谢剑平，2009），显现程度取决于所含的致香物质（韩锦峰和宋娜娜，2014;陈爱国等，2018）。湖北烟区位于清江流域和环神农架周边地区，生态环境优越，烟叶质量和风格极具特色。因此，研究湖北烤烟香型、香韵、香气物质状况及其相互关系，对掌握该烟区烟叶质量风格、深度挖掘烟叶质量内涵及指导烟叶生产具有重要意义。……