刘红坚 梁文燊 何为中 叶权 刘丽敏 何毅波 卢曼曼 刘俊仙 李松 林善海

摘要：【目的】評价桂果蔗1号不同级数健康种苗的生长特征和变异特性，为提高果蔗健康种苗生产用种质量及高产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】对桂果蔗1号组培苗、第一级种茎和第二级种茎苗期生长表型性状进行连续观测，分析 3个不同级数果蔗幼苗的苗数、株高、地径、叶片数及+1叶的叶长、叶宽和叶面积等7个表型性状的生长特征和变异稳定性。【结果】不同级数果蔗种苗生长特征差异明显。第一级种茎和第二级种茎各方面生长特征相近，且均显著优于组培苗（P<0.05），但第二级种茎各方面表现仍明显优于第一级种茎。桂果蔗1号健康种苗各性状平均变异系数为5.48%，变异幅度为3.01%～11.88%，变异幅度最大的是苗数，最小的是地径。除了第二级种茎+1叶叶宽变异幅度有所上升外，其余6项表型性状变异均伴随着级数的增加而趋向稳定。3个不同级数种源所有性状的平均变异系数为3.32%～8.25%，以组培苗的平均变异系数最大（8.25%），第一级种茎苗次之（4.88%），第二级种茎苗最小（3.32%）。说明组培苗性状分离最大，高级苗（第二级种茎）性状较稳定。【结论】桂果蔗1号健康种苗第二级种茎的生长特性综合表现显著优于第一级种茎和组培苗，遗传变异也较稳定，为生产栽培最佳用种。

关键词： 果蔗;健康种苗;生长特征;遗传变异

中图分类号： S566.103.53                           文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）02-0288-09

Abstract：【Objective】 Evaluating the growth characters and genetic characters of seedlings regenerated from healthy cane setts from different generations of chewing cane cultivar Guiguozhe 1 could help improve the quality of healthy cane setts and high-yielding cultivation. 【Method】Phenotypic characters of seedlings from three different generations of Guiguozhe 1 including tissue culture seedling（TCS）， first generation seedling（FGS）and second generation seedling（SGS） were successively measured. Growth characters and variability stability of seven traits in seedlings from three generations were analyzed， including number of seedling， plant height， ground diameter， number of leaves， and leaf length， leaf width and area of the first leaf. 【Result】Growth characters were obviously different among generations. Phenotypic characters of FGS were close to SGS，and they performed better than TCS（P<0.05），but the performance of SGS was still better than FGS.Variation coefficient average value of 7 growth characters in seedlings from three generations was 5.48%. The variance range was 3.01%-11.88%，the number of seedling had the maximum variation and the ground diameter had the minimum variation. Except for the increase in variance of the first leaf width in SGS，the variances of other six growth characters tended to stabilize along with the increasing of generations. The variance coefficient average value of all seven characters ranged from 3.32% to 8.25%，that of TCS was the largest（8.25%）， FGS was in middle（4.88%） and SGS was the smallest（3.32%）. The results suggest that the characters segregation of TCS was the maximum，and the variance was relatively stable in later-generation（SGS）. 【Conclusion】The SGS of chewing cane cultivar Guiguozhe 1 is comprehensively superior to TCS and FGS for all the growth characters，and its genetic variance is stable. SGS is recommended as the best cane setts for cultivation.

Key words： fruit sugarcane; healthy seedling; growth characters; genetic variation

Foundation item： Innovation Driven Development Project of Guangxi（GKAA17202042-3）; Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi（GKAB19245028）; Project Support Team of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences （Guinongke 2018YT04）; Basic Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Guinongke 2017YM05）

0 引言

【研究意义】果蔗是甘蔗属热带种（Saccharum officimarum L.）中具有大径、皮薄、低纤维、汁多、味甜的一类品种，富含人体必需的多种氨基酸和维生素及铁、钙、磷、锰等多种微量元素，具有解渴充饥、清凉解毒、消除疲劳等功效，是一种深受人们喜爱的鲜食果品。果蔗主要分布于我国华南地区，其中广西是种植果蔗的主要省（区）。果蔗主要分为黑皮蔗（拔地拉，Badila）、黄皮蔗、青皮蔗和白皮蔗4种，其中黑皮果蔗是最主要的栽培品种，种植面积比例在70%以上（吴松海等，2014;李瑞美等，2015）。果蔗由于较难开花用于有性杂交育种，目前，果蔗品种选育和改良主要通过在长期种植过程中发生的芽变，从中筛选出优良变异品种，如广西的桂果蔗1号、广东番禺的大灰黑、海南的黑蔗、浙江的温联、四川的川蔗26号和福建的龙黑果蔗等（王继华等，2013;肖炜等，2018）。……