梁成刚 汪燕 喻武鹃 廖凯 陈敏 关志秀 付全兰 孟子烨 陈庆富

摘 要： 该文选用荞麦远缘杂交育成品系‘贵多苦75为材料，进行40 cm（I）、20 cm（Ⅱ）和10 cm（Ⅲ）留桩高度处理，对再生植株主要农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状进行分析。结果表明：留桩高度40 cm内，留桩高度对再生植株株高、茎叶重、单株粒数、单株产量和产量影响显著;处理I植株的株高、茎叶重、单株粒数、单株产量和产量均显著或极显著高于处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ，说明留40 cm高桩有利于再生植株营养器官的生长与产量的形成。‘贵多苦75种子清蛋白含量>谷蛋白含量>醇溶蛋白含量>球蛋白含量。留桩高度40 cm内，留桩高度对种子总蛋白和谷蛋白影响显著，但对清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和球蛋白含量影响不显著。‘贵多苦75再生植株种子总黄酮含量在3.17%～3.33%之间，受留桩高度的影响不显著。留桩高度为40 cm时，‘贵多苦75再生植株产量达到1.5 t·hm-2，清蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、球蛋白、总黄酮含量分别达到4.06%、3.26%、1.27%、0.39%、3.33%，具有较高营养价值和药用价值。

关键词： 荞麦， 远缘杂交， 再生特性， 产量性状， 品质性状

中图分类号： S517;S326

文献标识码： A

文章编号： 1000-3142（2021）04-0606-08

Abstract： ‘Guiduoku 75 bred by distant hybridization was selected to investigate the major agronomic traits， yield traits and quality traits in ratooning plants under the 40 cm（I）， 20 cm（Ⅱ） and 10 cm（Ⅲ） of stubble height treatment. The results indicated that the plant height， shoot weight， grain number per plant， yield per plant and yield in ratooning plants were significantly altered by stubble height when stubble height was less than 40 cm. The values of plant height， shoot weight， grain number per plant， yield per plant and yield in ratooning plants under treatment I were significant or extremely significant higher than those of treatments Ⅱ and Ⅲ， suggesting that higher stubble height is beneficial for vegetative organ growth and yield formation in ratooning plants. ‘Guiduoku 75 seeds contained four protein components as albumine content > gluten content > prolamine content > globulin content. The total protein content and gluten content were significantly altered by stubble height， but the albumin content， prolamine content， globulin content were not when stubble height was less than 40 cm. The total flavonoid content in ratooning plants of ‘Guiduoku 75 ranged from 3.17% to 3.33%， that was little affected by stubble height. The ratooning plants of ‘Guiduoku 75 under 40 cm of stubble height treatment harvested 1.5 t·hm-2 seeds that contained 4.06% of albumin content， 3.26% of gluten content， 1.27% of prolamine content， 0.39% of globulin content and 3.33% of total flavonoid content， exhibiting high nutritional value and medicinal value.

Key words： buckwheat， distant hybridization， ratooning characteristics， yield traits， quality traits

中國是荞麦（buckwheat）的重要起源中心，特别是西南地区荞麦属（Fagopyrum）野生种质资源尤为丰富（Ohnishi & Matsuoka， 1996;Ohnishi， 1998;Ohsako et al.， 2002;陈庆富，2001，2012）。目前已报道的荞麦种达到30个、变种4个和亚种2个（陈庆富， 2012;Hou et al.， 2015;Wang et al.， 2017）。荞麦属中普通荞麦＼[F. esculentum（甜荞）＼]和鞑靼荞麦＼[F. tataricum（苦荞）＼]是我国的主要杂粮作物。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，“三高”人群数量急剧增加，荞麦种子蛋白与黄酮类物质的营养价值和降“三高”保健功效越来越受到关注（Sedej et al.， 2012; Ahmed et al.， 2014;Giménez-Bastida et al.， 2015）。当前，日本、……