李洁　曹生龙

摘   要：民国时期的旅行书写不仅是考察家行走体验与感知的文本依托，穿插于其间的民国区域社会文化样态同为文本内容的重要构成。特定时代情境下，基于考察家身份与视角，具像化的社会人文特征、边疆及民族映像等被嵌入文本，织造了西北邊疆图景。各类叙事、意象与认识论的呈现，不仅为彼时民众拓宽边疆知识视野提供了翔实的民族志参考，也是研究民国时期西北边疆社会的一类重要资料，其价值有待挖掘。

关键词：考察文本;边疆叙事;时代性;知识精英

中图分类号：K250.6   文献标识码：A   DOI：10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2021018

An Analysis of the Value of Data Based on the Frontier Investigation Texts in the Republic of China

Abstract Travel writing in the Republic of China is not only the textual support of the investigators' walking experience and perception， but also the social and cultural patterns of the Republic of China interspersed in it as an important component of the text. In the context of the specific era， based on the identity and perspective of the investigators， concrete social and humanistic characteristics， frontiers and national images are embedded in the text to weave the frontier landscape. The presentation of various narratives， images and epistemology not only provided a detailed ethnographic reference for the people to broaden the horizons of frontier knowledge at that time， but was also an important type of materials for studying frontier society during the Republic of China， and its value needs to be explored.

Key words travel writing; frontier narrative; era; intellectual elite

清末民国时期是西北边疆考察的聚集时段，既有国外考察家基于不同意图的探险、考察活动，如陈香苓和魏长洪在《外国探险家在新疆纪年》一文中仅对外国探险家在新疆的考察探险活动进行统计，19世纪多达101次，20世纪共计59人次[1]，清晰呈现着近代以来潜藏于考察探险活动中的势力渗透;又有源于“到西北去”“开发边疆”的时代诉求而纷纷奔赴西北的内地知识精英考察浪潮，并于20世纪30年代达到顶峰。伴随各类考察活动而付诸于文本的考察日记、回忆录等，饱含时代特色，并与边疆紧紧交织在一起。

本文意图探讨的是基于不同考察身份、知识背景、认知视角书写而成的考察文本，它们无一例外地展露着考察所经之处的社会百态，聚焦于考察家各自的关注点并留下倾注情感的点滴文字，尽管存有差异的认知倾向与价值判断，却是认知民国时期西北边疆社会的一条路径，由各类考察文本汇聚而成的资料群丰富了民国时期西北边疆社会研究的资料基础。……