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静脉右美托咪定对剖宫产术中产妇镇静的适宜剂量

2021-06-22张素芹徐文平赵艳萍夏丰刘林

中国现代医生 2021年13期
关键词:剖宫产

张素芹  徐文平  赵艳萍  夏丰  刘林

[摘要] 目的 评价右美托咪定静脉应用对剖宫产术中产妇镇静的最佳剂量。 方法 选择2018年8月至2019年9月单胎足月妊娠拟腰硬联合麻醉下行子宫下段剖宫产术患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为3组,每组各20例。右美托咪定0.4 μg/kg(D1组)、0.6 μg/kg(D2组)、0.8 μg/kg(D3组)。记录入室后(T0),给药后3 min(T3)、5 min(T5)、10 min(T10)、20 min(T20)、30 min(T30)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR),Dex输注开始至蛛网膜下腔局麻药注入间隔时间(Td-m)、Dex输注开始至取胎间隔时间(Td-t),不同Ramsay评分每组例数及产妇所需时间、三组镇静效果评价、心动过缓等不良事件,新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血乳酸水平。 结果 与D1组比较,SBP D2组T30时及D3组在T3、T5、T30时明显处于高水平,D2组和D3组DBP在T20、T30 维持在高水平状态(P<0.05,0.01)。三组HR组间组内比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有效镇静所需时间,D2、D3组较D1组明显缩短(P<0.01),D2、D3组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有效镇静D1~D3组分别为17例、20例、18例,D1组无效镇静3例,D3组过度镇静2例,D2組镇静效果优于D1、D3组。产妇心动过缓等不良事件、新生儿1 min、5 min Apgar评分及脐动脉血乳酸值三组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 静脉右美托咪定对剖宫产术中产妇镇静的适宜剂量为负荷量0.6 μg/kg,维持量为1 μg/(kg·h)。

[关键词] 右美托咪定;镇静;剖宫产;腰硬联合麻醉

[中图分类号] R614          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)13-0126-05

The appropriate dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine for maternal sedation during cesarean section

ZHANG Suqin   XU Wenping   ZHAO Yanping   XIA Feng   LIU Lin

Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing   314000, China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the optimal dose of intravenous application of dexmedetomidine for maternal sedation of puerperae during cesarean section. Methods A total of 60 patients with single term pregnancy undergoing cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia from August 2018 to September 2019 were selected and divided into group D1 (dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg), group D2 (dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg) and group D3 (dexmedetomidine 0.8 μg/kg) according to the random number table method, with 20 case in each group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), the interval between DEX infusion and subarachnoid topical anesthetic injection(Td-m), the interval between Dex infusion and fetal retrieval (Td-t), the number of cases in each group with different Ramsay scores and the time required for delivery, sedative effect evaluation of three groups,bradycardia and other adverse events,neonatal Apgar score and umbilical artery blood lactic acid level were recorded at baseline (T0), 3 min (T3), 5 min (T5), 10 min (T10), 20 min (T20) and 30 min (T30) after administration. Results Compared with group D1, SBP in group D2 at T30 and group D3 at T3, T5 and T30 was obviously at a higher level. And DBP in group D2 and group D3 at T20 and T30 remained at a higher level(P<0.05, 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in HR among the three groups(P>0.05). Compared with group D1, the time required for effective sedation in group D2 and group D3 were significantly shorter(P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between group D2 and group D3. The effective sedation in group D1-D3 was 17 cases, 20 cases and 18 cases respectively, ineffective sedation in group D1 was 3 cases, excessive sedation in group D3 was 2 cases,and sedation effect in group D2 was superior to group D1 and group D3. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in adverse events such as bradycardia, neonatal Apgar scores in 1 min and 5 min and umbilical artery blood lactate values. Conclusion The appropriate dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine for sedation of puerperae during cesarean section is 0.6 μg/kg for loading and 1 μg/(kg·h) for maintenance.

[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Sedation; Cesarean section; Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia

在二孩政策的背景下,盡管使用了新产程和积极控制社会因素的剖宫产,全国的剖宫产率仍一直处于高水平,为50%~60%,远远高于世界卫生组织建议的剖宫产率15%以下[1]。剖宫产手术时,麻醉仍以椎管内麻醉为主[2]。陌生的环境、手术牵拉刺激以及药物应用等,产妇常出现各种不适如过度紧张焦虑、恶心、头痛、腹部不适、面部潮红、寒战,严重影响患者术后恢复、降低满意度,部分产妇可能引起产后抑郁相关心理问题。因……

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