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拔牙矫治上颌前突患者上前牙内收前后牙根及牙槽骨变化的CBCT测量

2021-06-22尹莉尹琳胡淳

中国现代医生 2021年13期

尹莉  尹琳  胡淳

[摘要] 目的 探討通过CBCT观察拔牙矫治上颌前突的患者在内收前后上前牙牙根吸收及牙槽骨改建的情况。方法 选取2016年1月至2019年12月就诊于湖南中医药大学第一附属医院口腔科的正畸患者40例,均采用拔牙矫治。在治疗前后分别拍摄CBCT,观察上前牙牙根吸收及牙槽骨改建情况,并进行统计学测量。 结果 内收后,上颌中切牙、侧切牙牙根长度为(11.35±1.02)mm、(11.97±0.90)mm,短于治疗前的(12.16±1.12)mm、(13.02±1.18)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上颌中切牙、侧切牙唇侧牙槽骨高度为(3.03±0.40)mm、(2.31±0.85)mm,低于治疗前的(3.60±0.40)mm、(3.38±0.89)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙腭侧牙槽骨高度为(5.01±1.26)mm、(4.79±1.11)mm、(3.44±0.68)mm,高于治疗前的(2.49±0.70)mm、(3.01±0.52)mm、(2.58±0.70)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上颌中切牙、尖牙唇侧根中部牙槽骨厚度为(1.51±0.28)mm、(1.32±0.23)mm,高于治疗前的(0.97±0.23)mm、(1.04±0.18)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙腭侧根中部牙槽骨厚度为(0.37±0.13)mm、(0.45±0.18)mm、(0.63±0.21)mm,低于治疗前的(1.67±0.40)mm、(1.09±0.30)mm、(1.66±0.36)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 上颌前突患者内收后,牙根吸收明显,牙槽骨改建以骨吸收为主,骨形成较有限。运用CBCT可以准确观察牙根及牙槽骨的改建情况,具有较高的可靠性,但缺乏统一的三维参考系。

[关键词] CBCT;前牙内收;牙根吸收;牙槽骨高度;牙槽骨厚度

[中图分类号] R782.11          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)13-0079-05

CBCT measurement of root and alveolar bone changes before and after anterior tooth adduction in patients with maxillary protrusion treated by tooth extraction

YIN Li1   YIN Lin2   HU Chun1

1.Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hu′nan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha   410007, China; 2.Department of Stomatology, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha   410007, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the root resorption and alveolar bone remodeling of anterior teeth before and after adduction in patients with maxillary protrusion treated by tooth extraction through CBCT observation. Methods A total of 40 orthodontic patients from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected and treated with tooth extraction. CBCT was taken before and after treatment to observe the root resorption and alveolar bone remodeling of anterior teeth, and statistical measurement was made. Results After adduction, the root lengths of upper central incisors and lateral incisors were (11.35±1.02) mm and (11.97±0.90) mm, respectively, which were shorter than those of (12.16±1.12) mm and (13.02±1.18) mm before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The labial alveolar bone heights of upper central incisors and lateral incisors were (3.03±0.40) mm and (2.31±0.85) mm, respectively, which were lower than (3.60±0.40) mm and (3.38±0.89) mm before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The palatal alveolar bone heights of upper central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were (5.01±1.26) mm, (4.79±1.11) mm and(3.44±0.68) mm, respectively, which were higher than (2.49±0.70) mm, (3.01±0.52) mm and (2.58±0.70) mm before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The thicknesses of alveolar bone in the middle of the labial root of upper central incisors and canines were (1.51±0.28) mm and (1.32±0.23) mm, respectively, which were higher than (0.97±0.23) mm and (1.04±0.18) mm before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The thicknesses of alveolar bone in the middle of palatal root of upper central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were(0.37±0.13) mm, (0.45±0.18) mm and (0.63±0.21) mm, respectively, which were lower than (1.67±0.40) mm, (1.09±0.30) mm and (1.66±0.36) mm before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion After adduction in patients with maxillary protrusion,root resorption is obvious,alveolar bone remodeling is mainly bone resorption,and bone formation is limited. CBCT can accurately observe the remodeling of root and alveolar bone,with high reliability,but it lacks a unified three-dimensional reference system.

[Key words] CBCT; Adduction of anterior teeth; Root resorption; Alveolar bone height; Alveolar bone thickness

上颌前突是常见的错合畸形,临床上常采用拔除上颌第一前磨牙,通过大范围内收前牙,获得较理想的面型。传统理论认为,牙槽骨会随着牙齿移动改建,牙槽骨总厚度、高度保持不变。而在以往二维影像学图像上发现,前牙大范围内收的患者,术后常会产生不同程度的骨开窗、牙槽骨高度降低及牙根吸收等并发症,严重影响了牙齿的功能与长期稳定[1-4]。与经典理论相悖。传统的二维影像存在图像重叠等问题,无法对并发症做出量化测量。新兴使用的锥形束CT(Cone-beam computer tomography,CBCT)不存在图像放大、变形的缺点,可以在三维方向上对牙齿、牙槽骨进行精确测量。为临床正畸的方案设计与并发症的早发现提供了更为准确的影像学资料。本研究借助CBCT,分析对于上颌前突需要拔牙矫治的患者,在内收前后上颌前牙牙根吸收及牙槽骨改建的情况,以指导临床治疗方案设计,减少减轻并发症,现报道如下。……

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