陈家宝 郭龙 温春秀 齐琳琳 温赛群 郑玉光 王蕾

中圖分类号 R282.6 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）08-0945-07

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.08.09

摘 要 目的：分析不同种质紫苏叶挥发性成分的化学型，并探讨其种质、叶片颜色与化学型的关系。方法：采用气质联用技术（GC-MS），以P4峰为参照，绘制30批紫苏叶挥发性成分的指纹图谱，采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）》进行相似度评价，确定共有峰。采用同一GC-MS法测定紫苏叶挥发性成分;采用Qualitative Navigator（B.08.00）软件分析并与NIST 17标准质谱数据库进行检索比对，分析各色谱峰对应的化合物;采用Origin 2018软件进行聚类分析。结果：30批紫苏叶挥发性成分共有13个共有峰，相似度为0.13～1.00。从30批不同种质紫苏叶样品中共鉴定出54种成分;聚类分析结果显示，30批样品可聚为三大类，其中SCY-1、YNT-9、YNX-17、YN-28为一类，以榄香素（PP-e）为主要挥发性成分，为PP-e型;GS-4、GS-7、GS-11、GS-19、HBA-14、HBA-20、GZZ-8、LN-39、GSL-27、GSQ-32、GSQ-33、GST-31、YNW-12、 LN-38为一类，除LN-38外均以紫苏酮（PK）含量最高，为PK型[LN-38中芹菜脑（PP-a）含量高于紫苏酮，为PP-a型];HBS-2、HBS-3、HBS-6、HBS-15、HBS-16、HBS-24、HBS-25、GX-26、SXS-30、SCC-36、RB-37、SC-29为一类，以紫苏醛（PA）含量较高，为PA型;不同种质紫苏叶颜色特征结果显示，叶片颜色两面绿的白苏均为PK型，而叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏大多为PA型，耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。结论：紫苏叶挥发性成分化学型与其叶片颜色之间存在一定的对应关系，叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏叶大多为PA型;叶片颜色为两面绿的野生紫苏、耳齿紫苏 、白苏均不属于PA型，其中白苏均为PK型;耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。

关键词 紫苏叶;气质联用技术;挥发性成分;化学型;指纹图谱

Chemotype Study of Volatile Components from Perillae Folium of Different Germplasms

CHEN Jiabao1，GUO Long1，WEN Chunxiu2，QI Linlin2，WEN Saiqun2，ZHENG Yuguang1，3，WANG Lei1（1.College of Pharmacy/Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province， Hebei University of Chinese Medicine， Shijiazhuang 050200， China; 2. Institute of Cash Crops， Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Shijiazhuang 050051， China; 3. Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College， Shijiazhuang 050026， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To analyze the chemotypes of volatile components from Perillae Folium of different germplasms， and to investigate the relationship of germplasm and leaf color with chemotype. METHODS： The fingerprints of volatile components from 30 batches of Perillae Folium were prepared by GC-MS with P4 peak as reference. Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2004A edition） was applied to evaluate the similarity and confirm common peaks. The volatile components of Perillae Folium were determined by the same GC-MS method. Qualitative Navigator （B.08.00） software was used to analyze and compare with NIST 17.0 standard mass spectrum database. The compounds corresponding to the peak were analyzed; clustering analysis was carried out with Origin 2018 software. RESULTS： There were 13 common peaks in the fingerprints of volatile components from 30 batches of Perillae Folium. The similarities were 0.13-1.00. Totally 54 components were identified from 30 batches of Perillae Folium of different germplasm. Cluster analysis showed that 30 batches of Perillae Folium samples could be clustered into three categories; among them， SCY-1， YNT-9， YNX-17， YN-28 were clustered into one category， with phenylpropanoid-elemicin （PP-e as） the main volatile component， being PP-e type; GS-4， GS-7， GS-11， GS-19， HBA-14， HBA-20， GZZ-8， LN-39， GSL-27， GSQ-32， GSQ-33， GST-31， YNW-12， LN-38 were clustered into one category， and the content of perilla ketone （PK） in them was the highest except for LN-38， being PK type [the content of phenylpropanoid-apiol （PP-a） in LN-38 was higher than that of perilla ketone， being PP-a type]; HBS-2， HBS-3， HBS-6， HBS-15， HBS-16， HBS-24， HBS-25， GX-26， SXS-30， SCC- 36， RB-37， SC-29 were clustered into one category， and the content of perillaldehyde （PA） was the highest， being PA type. The color characteristics of Perillae Folium of different germplasm showed that Perilla frutescens （L.） Britt. var. frutescens with green leaves on both sides was PK type， while P. frutescens （L.） Britt. var. arguta with purple leaves on one or both sides was PA type， and P. frutescens （L.） Britt var. auriculato-dentata C. Y. Wu et Hsuan ex H. W. Li was PP-e type. CONCLUSIONS： The chemotype of volatile components in Perillae Folium have a certain corresponding relationship with their leaf colors. Most of P. frutescens （L.） Britt. var. arguta with purple leaves on one side or both sides are PA type. P. frutescens （L.） Britt. var. acuta （Thunb.） Kudo，  P. frutescens （L.） Britt var. auriculato-dentata C. Y. Wu et Hsuan ex H. W. Li and P. frutescens （L.） Britt. var. frutescens with green leaves on both sides  do not belong to PA type， among which P. frutescens （L.） Britt var. frutescens is PK type， while P. frutescens （L.） Britt var. auriculato-dentata C. Y. Wu et Hsuan ex H. W. Li is mostly PP-e type.

KEYWORDS   Perillae Folium; GC-MS; Volatile components; Chemotypes; Fingerprint

紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.为唇形科紫苏属一年生直立草本植物，在我国分布广泛，河北、甘肃、辽宁、山西、陕西、山东、江苏、湖南、湖北、云南、四川、广西、广东等省（区）均有广泛种植，可供药用和食用[1]。……