蒋建平

在许多紧急情况下，急救可以防止患者病情恶化，缓解疼痛并挽救生命。然而，急救措施的实施取决于患者的需要，以及提供者的知识和技能水平。提供者须针对不同的情况提供不同的急救措施。

First aid means what it says： the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first and which is before any other help. Usually the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambulance， but sometimes quick actions by us may save someones life.

Shock： People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury. The face turns grey and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.

Broken bones： Don？蒺t move the person. Send for an ambulance at once.

Poison： A person who has swallowed the poison should be taken to hospital at once. With some poisons， sleeping pills， for example， it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid （酸）， or anything that burns， it would be a bad thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. The poison would burn his throat as it comes up. It is， therefore， best to find out what the person has taken so that you can call to tell the doctor.

Suffocation（窒息）： This means not being able to breathe. For example， a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If the person has something stuck in his throat， try to remove it with your fingers， or by hitting him on the back. When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning， electric shocks， breathing in a poisonous gas， etc.， you can help him to begin breathing again.

Remember： When an accident happens， send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If you see an injured person who is being looked after， keep away.

1. How does the author develop the first paragraph？

A. By explaining a definition.

B. By using previous data.

C. By listing different reasons.

D. By comparing people s opinions.

2. What does the underlined phrase “drain out” in paragraph 5 probably mean？

A. Squeeze out. B. Flow away.

C. Leave out. D. Cut off.

3. Where is this text most likely from？

A. A newspaper.

B. A safety booklet.

C. An advertisement.

D. A popular magazine.

Ⅰ. so that和so...that...

在so...that...句型中，so后面加形容词或副词，该句型意为“如此……以至于……”。如：

This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.

这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。

so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词通常和can、may、should等情态动词连用，意为“以便;为了;使能够”。如：

They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

為了能赶上早班车，他们早早地就起床了。

Ⅱ. 汉译英

1. 那时我很忙，没时间写信。

2. 请把窗户打开，以便我们能呼吸到新鲜的空气。

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