仇晓玉 徐知远 土艳丽 罗建

摘 要：印加孔雀草是中國西藏新近入侵种，其危害已初见端倪，但我国鲜有对其入侵机理的研究。为探究印加孔雀草在异质环境下的种群构件生物量及其分配特征，进一步深入了解其生存策略和易入侵生境。该研究在菜园、果园、路边、荒地和河滩等五种典型入侵生境内对其花果期的种群构件生物量进行了测定和分析，计算了表型可塑性指标值。结果表明：（1）印加孔雀草种群各构件生物量的基本规律为茎>花果>叶>根，在路边最大，菜园最小，两地间各值均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。（2）印加孔雀草各构件生物量的总变异系数（CV）和可塑性指标（PI）的均值分别为46.93%和61.44%。（3）印加孔雀草繁殖与营养构件生物量比的关系为荒地>路边>果园>河滩>菜园，根冠比表现为菜园>荒地>河滩>路边>果园。（4）印加孔雀草各构件之间、各构件与总生物量间都存在显著的正相关关系，体现了其整体协调的生存策略。上述结果表明，印加孔雀草能通过各构件生物量的调整来适应异质生境，具有较高的可塑性;高繁殖输出和对异质环境的适应性可能是其成功入侵的重要原因。

关键词： 入侵植物， 印加孔雀草， 不同生境， 种群构件， 生物量分配， 中国西藏

中图分类号：Q944.3

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1000-3142（2021）03-0447-09

收稿日期：2020-01-06

基金项目：西藏自治区科技重大专项（ZD20170021）;西藏农牧学院西藏高原生态安全联合实验室开放基金 （STX2018-14）  [Supported by Science and Technology Great Program of Tibet， China （ZD20170021）; Open Fund of United Key Laboratories of Ecological Security of Tibet Autonomous Region， Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University （STX2018-14）]。

作者简介： 仇晓玉（1991-），硕士研究生，研究方向为高原植物种群与群落生态学，（E-mail）2538343348@qq.com。

通信作者：罗建，硕士，研究员，研究方向为植物分类和生物多样性，（E-mail）luojian-sh@sohu.com。

Module biomass and  allocation characteristics of invasive plant Tagetes minuta populations in different habitats

QIU Xiaoyu1，2，3， XU Zhiyuan4， TU Yanli5， LUO Jian1，2，3*

（ 1. Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology， Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University， Nyingchi 860000， Tibet， China; 2. Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area， Ministry of Education， Nyingchi 860000， Tibet， China; 3. National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation & Experiment in Nyingchi Tibet， Nyingchi 860000， Tibet， China; 4. Resources & Environment College， Nyingchi 860000，Tibet， China; 5. Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology， Lhasa 850001， China ）

Abstract：

Tagetes minuta， as a newly invasive species in Tibet of China， its damage is beginning to appear. However， there are few studies on its invasion mechanism in China. In order to explore the biomass and its allocation characteristics of population modules of T. minuta in heterogeneous habitats， and to further understand its survival strategies and invasive habitats， we determined and analyzed the biomass characteristics and calculated the index values of phenotypic plasticity of the population modules in the flowering and fruiting stages of the T. minuta in five typical invasive habitats， including vegetable garden， orchard， roadside， wasteland and riverside. The results were as follows： （1） The basic law of biomass of module in T. minuta population was stem > flower and fruit > leaf > root. The biomass of each module was the largest in the roadside and the smallest in the vegetable garden， and there were significant differences between these two habitats （P<0.05）. （2） The total coefficient of variation （CV） and phenotypic plasticity index （PI）， based on maximum and minimum means of each module were 46.93% and 61.44%， respectively. （3） The relationship between biomass ratio of reproductive module and nutrient module of T. minuta was wasteland > roadside > orchard > riverside > vegetable garden， and the root-shoot ratio was vegetable garden > wasteland > riverside > roadside > orchard. （4） There were significantly positive correlation between biomass of different modules， between biomass of different modules and total biomass， which showed its ensemble and consistent strategy of survival. The above results indicate that T. minuta can adapt to heterogeneous habitats by adjusting the biomass of each module， and thus has a strong phenotypic plasticity. High reproductive output and adaptability to heterogeneous environments may be the important reasons for its successful invasion.

Key words： invasive plant， Tagetes minuta， different habitats， population module， biomass allocation， Tibet of China

生物入侵是造成物种濒危及灭绝的重要原因之一（谭勇等， 2014），其中，植物入侵已成为世界上最难应对的三大环境问题之一（郑欣颖和薛立， 2018）。表型可塑性是植物拥有较大生态幅和更高耐受……