陈建军 王玉安 杨建宁 李宽莹 陈雪艳

摘要：系统评价了花牛苹果产地环境、生产过程、果品安全质量和果实品质等，结果表明，天水花牛苹果产地气候生态条件符合我国苹果最适宜区条件，产区空气、土壤质量以及水质符合《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》要求，生产过程应用技术科学、规范、高效，栽培管理技术水平高，果实安全质量达到《绿色食品温带水果》标准要求，果实外观、主要理化指标以及品质营养等方面特色明鲜，具有优势。

关键词：花牛苹果;评价;优势

Abstract：In order to study the changes of physicochemical indexs and antioxidant activities of Apple Jiaosu during natural fermentation process and clarify the health function mechanism of malenzyme， the dynamic changes of the soluble solids content， pH， total acid content， ethanol content， DPPH free radicals， hydroxyl free radicals， superoxide anion free radicals， and ABTS free radicals were investigated. The results showed that the soluble solid content and pH value decreased gradually with the extension of fermentation time. After 90 days of fermentation， the soluble solid content dropped to 4.5 °Brix and the pH dropped to 3.06， which were reduced by 70% and 32% respectively compared with the initial stage of fermentation. The total acid content gradually increased， increased to 42.9 g/L after 90 days， and increased 98%. the ethanol content first increased and then decreased， it was achieved to 1.0 g/L， after 90 days， and complied with regulations of QB/T5323-2018. The antioxidant activities were reached the better in fermentation to 75～90 days. The free radical scavenging rates of DPPH and hydroxyl were reached to 86.16% and 79.03% after 90 days， and increased 44.5% and 45.53%， respectively. The superoxide anion and ABTS were peaked at fermentation 75 days（65.06% and 69.04%， respectively），which were increased 39.12% and 46.47%. The study would provide some theoretical basis for further elucidating the health function mechanism and comprehensive development of Apple Jiaosu.

Key words：Apple Jiaosu;Natural fermentation;Physicochemical indexs;Antioxidant activities

天水位于甘肃省东南部，横跨黄河和长江两大水系，南北气候条件兼而有之，属暖温带半湿润半干旱气候。花牛苹果最早产自天水市麦积区，麦积区也是天水花牛苹果的核心产区，位于北纬34° ～35°，东以关山为屏，南靠秦岭为障，西北遥望河西走廊，地处渭河谷地。独特的浅山丘陵地貌以及土层深厚安全、空气洁净、光照充足、雨水适中、昼夜温差大、冬无严寒、夏无酷暑、四季分明的独特地理气候资源条件有利于苹果的栽培和生产。苹果花期、花后和果实着色期气温稳定，有利于果实座果;果实成熟期昼夜温差大（8 — 10月份昼夜温差在10～15 ℃），有利于果品糖分的积累，是我国苹果生产最佳适宜地区之一[1 - 2 ]。

花牛苹果是我国最早、最著名的苹果品牌，也是天水市最具特色优势的农产品品牌和甘肃省特色优势农产品品牌，作为我国第一个在国际市场上获得正式商标的苹果品 牌[3 ]，特指甘肃省天水地区生产的元帅系苹果。……