开花后打顶及水肥管理措施对西芪1号黄芪种子产量及硬实率的影响
2021-06-08武永陶刘润萍张玉云李振谋王丽慧曹占凤潘飞黄小霞
武永陶 刘润萍 张玉云 李振谋 王丽慧 曹占凤 潘飞 黄小霞


摘要:研究了不同栽培管理措施对西芪1号种子繁育的影响。结果表明,采用花后打顶、鼓粒期小水勤灌和根外追肥等栽培措施后,黄芪种子折合产量可达1 735~1 950 kg/hm2,较对照普通繁种田增产18.43%~33.10%。以开花后打顶+鼓粒期灌水3次(间隔7 d灌水1次),每次灌水225 m3/hm2+7月份叶面喷施2 g/kg磷酸二氢钾溶液1次处理的种子折合产量最高,为1 950 kg/hm2,较对照增产33.10%;种子硬实率为40.0%~47.8%,较对照普通繁种田降低3.5~11.3百分点。其中以开花后打顶+鼓粒期灌水3次(间隔7d灌水1次),每次灌水225 m3/hm2+7月份叶面喷施2 g/kg磷酸二氢钾溶液1次处理的黄芪种子硬实率最低,为40.0%,比对照降低11.3百分点。可以认为,采用开花后打顶+鼓粒期灌水3次(间隔7 d灌水1次),每次灌水225 m3/hm2+7月份叶面喷施2 g/kg磷酸二氢钾溶液1次的栽培措施可在陇西县及同类条件地区黄芪繁种生产中应用。
关键词:黄芪;新品种;西芪1号;种子产量;种子硬实率;栽培管理措施
Abstract:In order to explore the application of sawdust substrate in the production of Tibet virus-free pre-original seed potato,in this experiment, five different substrates were set up by using sawdust alone or mixed with sheep manure and vermiculite to produce virus-free potato. The result showed that the biological characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, branch number) of transplanting test tube plantlets were better than other substrate materials in the production of mixed substrate of sawdust, sheep manure and vermiculite (2:1:1);The number of tubers per plant was 2.93, which was 0.3%-13.7% more than that of other materials. The number of tubers in plot was 310, which was 3.9%-10.3% more than other materials, the relative qualified rate was the highest.
Key words:Sawdust substrate;Pre-original potato seed;Production;Application
黃芪新品种西芪1号从当地蒙古黄芪中单株系统选育而来[1 - 2 ]。其特征为一年生黄芪株高25.0~35.0 cm,二年生黄芪株高约56.0 cm;开展度25~45 cm;主茎黄绿色,茎白色伏毛较密。叶片小,叶色深绿被白色蜡质状物,外观浅绿色或白绿色。花序和有效荚果数少,果皮乳白色。种子扁肾形,千粒重7.76 g。主根圆柱状,表皮淡黄色,内黄白色。二年生黄芪主根长50~120 cm,最大根直径20.5 mm,单根干重21.5 g,特级、一级商品出成率高。黄芪甲苷含量1.74 g/kg,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(C22H22O10)含量0.75 g/kg,均符合《中华人民共和国药典》第一部规定标准[1 - 3 ]。抗根腐病能力强,根腐病自然发病率2.2%。……
