韩富军 彭海 任静 李建明 李强 刘小勇

摘要：以普通聚乙烯PE黑色地膜为对照，选用白色降解膜、黑色降解膜、银灰色降解膜等3种降解地膜，观察了不同降解地膜苹果树行间覆盖的增温保墒效果。结果表明，6 — 8月份覆膜后，0～100 cm土层土壤增温效果从高到低依次为：白色降解膜处理、银灰色降解膜处理、黑色降解膜处理、普通聚乙烯PE黑色地膜处理。降解风化速度以白色降解膜最快，银灰色降解膜次之，黑色降解膜较慢。随着降解膜逐步裂解风化，3种降解膜的增温效果也逐渐减弱，保墒效果也随之降低。到12月份后，各处理覆膜保温效果与土壤温度变化观测值一致，从高到低依次为：普通聚乙烯PE黑色地膜处理、黑色降解膜处理、银灰色降解膜处理、白色降解膜处理。

关键词：降解地膜;增温保墒;土壤温度;土壤湿度;苹果园

Abstract：Wuchun 10 is a new spring wheat cultivar with high-yield and good-quality， bred by the cross of imported germplasm Lanza 7086 as the female parent and self-breeding germplasm e64-242 as the male parent by genealogical method. In 2016 — 2017， the average yield of 2 a of Wuchun 10 was 8 018.55 kg/hm2 and 8.12% higher than that of the control Ningchun 4 in Regional Experiment of spring wheat in irrigated land in western area of Gansu. In 2018， the average yield of 2 a of Wuchun 10 was 8 075.45 kg/hm2 and 4.15% higher than that of the control Ningchun 4 in Production Experiment of spring wheat in irrigated land in western area of Gansu. Wuchun 10 is a spring medium maturity cultivar with a growth period of 101 days， plant height of 84 cm， 1000-grain weight of 48.1 g， grain number per panicle of 41， bulk density of 800 g/L. The crude protein content （dry base） is 12.23%， the wet gluten content is 31.7%， the stabilization time is 3.8 min and the dough formation time is 5.7 min. It is suitable to be grown in the irrigated spring wheat area of Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province and other the irrigated spring wheat area of Northwest China.

Key words：Spring wheat;New cultivar. Wuchun 10;High-yield and good-quality;Breeding

为保护土壤结构，提升环境质量，减少污染源头[1 ]，研发新型生物降解地膜替代普通聚乙烯PE地膜是解決白色污染问题的重要途径之一[2 ]。降解地膜是中国地膜产业的发展趋势，也是发展可持续性农业的必要前提[3 ]。目前，降解农用地膜主要在棉花、马铃薯、玉米、花生、甘蔗等作物上试验[4 ]，而在果树上应用鲜见报道。2018年甘肃省水果产业技术体系土肥水管理岗位团队在静宁苹果园地面覆盖材料上选择不同类型降解地膜，进行了苹果园果树行间覆盖不同降解地膜增温保墒效应对比试验，分析了覆盖不同降解地膜果园不同土层的土壤温度和湿度以及各降解地膜的降解动态，以期为降解地膜在果园清洁生产中的应用提供依据。……