四川 付 利

所谓简单句，就是由一个主语或者并列主语，加一个谓语或者并列谓语构成。 简单句是一切句型的基础，也是书面表达中出场率最高的句子。 简单句包括五大基本句型：主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补和主系表。

Step 1 真题感知

（2019·全国乙卷）

Dear Sir/Madam,

I'm Li Hua, a student from China.Having known a Chinese Painting exhibition to be held by the local art gallery, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer.

I'm confident that I'm qualified for the position.First, I have a good command of both Chinese and English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners without difficulty.Second, I have the similar experience, and know the duty of a volunteer better.In addition, I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to anyone who is in need.I think I'm the exact person you need.

I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.

Yours,

Li hua

在这篇书面表达中我们能看到许多的简单句。简单句是一篇书面表达的核心句型。而且我们也要明白，书面表达并不是我们想象中那么高深、令人生畏。 大家要树立这样的自信：只要我们把题审好了，把要点涵盖全，语言表达不是我们想象中那么难以驾驭。（2019·全国丙卷）

Dear Allen,

How's it going? I'm writing to invite you to take part in our coming School Music Festival.主语 谓语The Festival will be celebrated on June 16 in the Art Center.As scheduled, it will begin at 9 am主语 谓语 主语 谓语and go on to 12 am.If you're present, you'll be sure to enjoy wonderful Chinese folk songs and Western主语系动词表语music performed by our teachers and schoolmates.Since you're an expert in theatrical performances,I sincerely invite you to sing and dance on the show.I believe it must be one of the highlights.主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 主语 谓语 宾语（从句）I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

在这篇文章中，除了五大基本句型中的主谓双宾之外，其他句型都用到了。 主谓双宾的例子如下：（2019·全国甲卷）

I will give you an introduction to the game so that you can make full preparations for it.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

Step 2 语法唤醒

一、主语

主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述的对象。 谓语动词要和主语在数上保持一致。 以下词类或者结构常作主语： 名词、代词、the +adj./ p.p.、动名词、不定式、从句、it作形式主语等。 动词不能作主语。 祈使句一般没有主语。

1.Both Brenda and Janette were admitted into the famous university.(名词)

2.All is well that ends well.(代词)

3.The injured were well taken care of in the hospital.(the + p.p.)

4.Persuading him to join us took us a lot of time.(动名词)

5.To prevent the animals from extinction is to save ourselves.(不定式)

6.What we don't have always seems better than what we have.(从句)

7.It's clear that cleaning hands can effectively fight against COVID-19.(it作形式主语)

二、谓语

谓语是指在句子中作谓语的动词或者动词短语，说明主语“是什么”或者“做什么”。 动词的具体分类如下：

主动词实义动词 start、run、write等连系动词 be、become、turn、get、go、remain、fall、stay等谓语动词基本助动词（无实义） be、do、have、will等根据句法功能分类助动词情态助动词 can、could、may、might、must、should、need等不定式 to speak、to talk、to play等非谓语动词分词(现在分词、过……