刘维　司若彤　范家慧　林电

摘  要：探討不同施肥模式对芒果产量、品质的影响，为芒果园科学合理的施肥方式提供依据。以‘台农为研究对象，在海南芒果主产区的乐东县红泰农场芒果园进行大田试验，共设置7个处理：不施肥（CK）、化肥20 cm浅施（H2）、化肥40 cm深施（H4）、生物有机肥替代20%N 20 cm浅施（T2）、生物有机肥替代20%N 40 cm深施（T4）、水肥一体化20 cm浅施（SH2）、水肥一体化40 cm深施（SH4）。结果表明：化肥、有机肥替代、水肥一体化处理产量与经济效益均显著高于CK，其中SH4处理产量与经济效益较CK增产203.64%，增益266.87%;T2、T4、SH4处理的产量、经济效益显著高于H2处理，其中SH4处理较H2处理增产23.25%，增益31.28%。施肥处理的果长、果横径、果厚均显著高于不施肥处理，SH4处理果型指数显著高于CK处理。施肥处理的可溶性固形物、糖酸比与固酸比均显著高于CK处理，其中SH4处理可溶性固形物含量较CK处理增加14.45%。CK的总酸含量显著高于施肥处理，H2处理总酸含量显著高于化肥深施、有机肥替代、水肥一体化处理，其中，SH4处理总酸含量较CK减少78.79%，较H2减少48.98%。各处理果实Vc与可溶性糖差异不显著。通过对果实产量以及品质的主成分评价，果实各指标的主成分打分由高到低排列依次为：SH4>T4> SH2 >T2>H4>H2>CK。在本试验条件下，水肥一体化40 cm深施是提高芒果产量、品质和经济效益的最佳模式。

关键词：台农;施肥深度;水肥一体化;品质;经济效益

中图分类号：S667.7      文献标识码：A

Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Yield and Quality of Mango

LIU Wei， SI Ruotong， FAN Jiahui， LIN Dian*

College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract： The effects of different fertilization patterns on mango yield and quality were explored. Taking ‘Tainong as the research material， a field experiment was carried out in the mango orchard oin Hongtai Farm in Ledong County， the main mango producing area in Hainan. Seven treatments including No Fertilization （CK）， chemical fertilizer 20 cm shallow application （H2）， chemical fertilizer 40 cm deep application （H4）， biological organic fertilizer replacement 20%N 20 cm shallow application （T2）， biological organic fertilizer replacement 20%N 40 cm deep application （T4）， water and fertilizer integration 20 cm shallow application （SH2）， water and fertilizer integration 40 cm deep application （SH4） were used. The yield and economic benefits of chemical fertilizer， organic substitution， and integrated water and fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of CK， of which the yield and economic benefits of SH4 treatment were 203.64% and 266.87% higher than that of CK， and the yield and economic benefits of T2， T4 and SH4 treatment were significantly higher than that of H2 treatment， of which the yield and economic benefits of SH4 treatment were 23.25% and 31.28% higher than that of H2 treatment. The fruit length， transverse diameter and fruit thickness of fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those without fertilization， and the fruit type index of SH4 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. The soluble solids， sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio of fertilization treatment were significantly higher than that of CK， the content of soluble solids in SH4 treatment increased by 14.45% compared with CK. The total acid content of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of fertilization treatment. The total acid content of H2 treatment was significantly higher than that of deep chemical fertilizer application， organic substitution， and water and fertilizer integration. Among them， the total acid content of SH4 treatment was 78.79% less than CK and 48.98% less than H2. Vc and soluble sugar were not significantly different among the treatments. According to the principal component evaluation of fruit yield and quality， the main component scores of each index of the fruit were in the order of： SH4>T4>SH2>T2>H4>H2>CK. Under the conditions of this experiment， deep application of 40 cm water and fertilizer is the best pattern to improve mango yield， quality and economic benefit.

Keywords： ‘Tainong; fertilization depth; water and fertilizer integration; quality; economic benefit

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.03.022

‘台农（‘Tai-nong）由中国台湾省培育传入其他省份，其品质好、产量高、市场潜力好，经调查统计海南省是目前全国第二的芒果种植和生产基地[1]，‘台农是海南省种植面积最大的品种。近年来，随着芒果产业的规……