植物生长调节剂和温度对蝴蝶兰双梗率、花期及花朵性状的影响
2021-05-19李奥张英杰孙纪霞张京伟宫子惠潘香君郭文姣刘学庆
李奥 张英杰 孙纪霞 张京伟 宫子惠 潘香君 郭文姣 刘学庆



摘 要:以蝴蝶兰品种‘富乐夕阳(‘Fullers Sunset)和‘双霞(‘Shuang Xia)为试验材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂和温度处理对其双梗率、花期和花朵性状的影响。结果表明:(1)6-BA对提高蝴蝶兰双梗率的效果要好于GA3以及GA3+6-BA,其中6-BA使用浓度为200 mg/L时,2个品种的双梗率都达到最佳,而且植株的花朵数最多;(2)GA3可使2个品种均提前开花,在一定浓度范围内浓度越高开花时间越早,但使用GA3同时会导致花期缩短和花朵畸形;(3)2个品种均在日/夜(18 ℃/18 ℃)处理时双梗率最高,且在一定温度范围内,温度越低萌发双梗的时间越早;(4)2个品种均在日/夜(18 ℃/18 ℃)处理时花期最长,在日/夜(25 ℃/18 ℃)处理时花朵数量最多及花朵直径最大。
关键词:蝴蝶兰;温度;植物生长调节剂;双梗率;花朵性状
中图分类号:S682.31 文献标识码:A
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Temperature on the Rate of Double Peduncle, Flowering Period and Flower Characteristics of Phalaenopsis
LI Ao1,2, ZHANG Yingjie1,3, SUN Jixia1, ZHANG Jingwei1, GONG Zihui1,2, PAN Xiangjun4, GUO Wenjiao1*, LIU Xueqing1*
1. Yantai Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Yantai, Shandong 265500, China; 2. Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China; 3. School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; 4. Yantai Natural Museum, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
Abstract: Phalaenopsis cultivars 'Fullers Sunset' and 'Shuang Xia' were used as the test materials to study the effects of different plant growth regulators and temperature treatment on the double stem rate, flowering period and flower traits. 6-BA had a better effect on increasing the rate of double stems of Phalaenopsis than GA3 and GA3+6-BA. When the concentration of 6-BA was 200 mg/L, the double stem rate of both species reached the highest. GA3 could make the two varieties bloom in advance, higher concentration within a certain concentration range would lead to earlier flowering time, but the application of GA3 would lead to shortened flowering period and flower deformity. Both breeds had the highest rate of double stems when treated at the day / night (18 ℃/18 ℃), and within a certain temperature range, lower the temperature would result in earlier germination of double stems. The flowering period was the longest at the (18℃/18 ℃) treatment, and the flower number was the largest and the flower diameter was the largest at the day / night (25℃/18 ℃) treatment.
Keywords: Phalaenopsis; temperature; plant growth regulators; rate of double peduncle; flower characteristics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.03.018
蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis)为兰科蝴蝶兰属,又称蝶兰,发源地为亚热带雨林地区,素有“洋兰王后”之称[1]。蝴蝶兰是我国销售量最大的年宵花卉,在花卉产业占据着举足轻重的地位。目前单梗植株在蝴蝶兰市场上占据了很大的比例,但随着经济的发展,人们审美水平的日益提高,单梗植株难以满足市场多元化、个性化的需求,因此,如何增加蝴蝶兰的双梗率,是生产中亟待解决的问题。
目前,国内外对蝴蝶兰成花的研究,主要集中在植物生长调节剂和温度上。温度是蝴蝶兰成花过程中的重要因素之一,目前普遍认为,在白天25 ℃~28 ℃,夜间18℃~20 ℃温度下植株均能旺盛生长,发生冷害的临界温度为10 ℃~12 ℃[2]。陈……
