高璐璐 徐岚

摘 要：静电纺丝是一种常用且有效地制备纳米纤维的方法，但其制备的纳米纤维多为无序排列结构，具有各向同性、力学性能较差等缺陷，限制了纳米纤维的应用。因此，对静电纺丝裝置进行相应的改进，从而得到具有各向异性且力学性能较好的有序纳米纤维，可进一步拓宽纳米纤维的应用领域。此外，传统单针头静电纺丝技术制备效率低，使得静电纺有序纳米纤维产量不高。为了提升产量，研究人员提出了多针头及无针头静电纺丝技术。本文从静电纺有序纳米纤维和批量制备静电纺纳米纤维两个角度出发，重点分析了为提高纳米纤维有序度和生产效率而使用的各种静电纺丝设备，系统概述了批量制备静电纺有序纳米纤维的研究进展。

关键词：静电纺丝;装置;批量制备;有序纳米纤维

中图分类号：TS103.8

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）02-0007-15

Abstract：Electrospinning is an effective and common method for preparing nanofibers. However， the electrospun nanofibers are mostly disordered and have the defects of isotropy and poor mechanical properties， which limits the applications of nanofibers. The application fields of nanofibers can be further expanded by improving electrospinning device to produce aligned nanofibers of anisotropy and better mechanical properties. In addition， the preparation efficiency of traditional single-needle electrospinning technique is low， which limits the yields of electrospun aligned nanofibers. In order to increase the yield， the multi-needle and needleless electrospinning technologies were put forward. This study is intended to focus on various types of electrospinning devices used for enhancing the order degree and production efficiency of nanofibers from the aspects of electrospun aligned nanofibers and batch preparation of electrospun nanofibers， and systematically review the research progress of batch preparation of electrospun aligned nanofibers.

Key words：electrospinning; device; batch preparation; aligned nanofibers

作者简介：高璐璐（1995-），女，山东泰安人，硕士研究生，主要从事静电纺有序纳米纤维的制备及其应用方面的研究。

近几十年来，纳米纤维以其孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点，在组织工程、电化学、传感器技术、光催化、过滤以及医疗等领域的应用越来越广泛。纳米纤维的制造技术有多种：海岛法、熔喷法以及静电纺丝法[1]。而静电纺丝法因其制作工艺简单方便，也迅速发展起来，总结该技术发展进程，主要包括4个阶段：a）探究聚合物是否可纺，逐渐改良纺丝工艺参数;b）制作复合型纳米纤维，探索研究其形成机理，细致调整纳米纤维结构;c）探索研究电纺纳米纤维应用;d）探究批量制备方法，进一步实现工业化生产。……