吴晶涛 汪子睿 张楠欣 阮观强

摘 要：本文介绍了一款基于恶劣的越野场地下的悬架设计基本思路与流程。根据设计高通过性的车辆的需求，结合整车设计要求，初步确定悬架参数。选择悬架基本类型，进行Adams运动仿真，满足设定性能参数，确定悬架硬点。建立悬架零部件的概念模型，Adams运动仿真检查悬架运动间隙检查。根据悬架概念设计结构，建立Adams弹性运动学模型，并设定目标，调整各铰接点衬套刚度来满足设计目标，确定各铰接点的衬套。加载工况，分解各零部件受力、对零部件进行有限元受力分析，对零部件结构进行优化，根据悬架设定目标，计算稳定杆刚度和减振器阻尼，确定弹簧、稳定杆和减振器的设计参数。样车制造，进行悬架主客观评价并调校。

关键词：悬架设计;开发流程;机械动态仿真

中图分类号：U463.1文献标识码：B

Abstract：This article introduces the basic idea and process of a suspension design based on the harsh off-road field underground.According to the requirement of the vehicle with high throughput and the design requirement of the whole vehicle，the suspension parameters are preliminarily determined.Select the basic type of suspension，carry out Adams motion simulation，meet the set performance parameters，determine the hard point of suspension.The conceptual model of suspension components is established，and the motion clearance of suspension is checked by Adams motion simulation.According to the suspension conceptual design structure，the Adams elastic kinematics model is established，and the target is set.The stiffness of each hinge bushing is adjusted to meet the design target，and the bushing of each hinge point is determined.Loading conditions，decompose the force of each component，carry out finite element analysis of the components，optimize the structure of the components，calculate the stiffness of the stabilizing rod and the damper according to the suspension setting target，and determine the design parameters of the spring，the stabilizing rod and the damper.Sample car manufacturing，subjective and objective evaluation and adjustment of suspension.

Key words：suspension design;development process;Mechanical Dynamic Simulation

1 緒论

悬架是汽车上非常重要的构件，它把车轮与车身弹性的连接起来，其基本组成部分有弹簧、减震器与导向机构。弹簧主要作用是缓冲路面给轮胎再传递给车身的冲力（颠簸）。但是由于弹簧当受到外载荷时弹簧收缩变形，储存变形能，弹簧会波动较长时间，反而会产生不适感，而且会使得车辆重心高度不断变化，不利于车辆行驶安全，所以引入减震器。导向机构传递车身与车轮之间的力矩和力，以此保证车辆的平顺行驶。在设计悬架时，需要注意或确保以下几个要求：

（1）通过合理设计悬架的弹性特性和阻尼特性，保证车辆行驶平稳，不仅振动频率低，振动加速度值小，阻尼性能合适，而且可以避免悬架再压缩或拉伸达到行程极限点的冲击，也要保证轮胎有足够的接地力。……