基于模糊层次分析法的高铁货运物流方式选择
2021-04-01梁栋朱兴贝邬岚
梁栋 朱兴贝 邬岚



摘 要:依据高铁货运的特点,给出高铁适运货物类型,将高铁物流方式分为专列运输、高铁确认车、动车不售票车厢和载客动车组4类。基于影响托运人选择的不同物流方式因素,从托运人角度出发,选取费用、运输距离、时间和货损率4个影响因素,采用模糊层次分析法分析各不同物流方式影响因素;将影响因素费用、运输距离、时间和货损率分为I、II、III、IV、V 5个级别;采用Logit模型构建基于托运人的高铁货物物流方式选择模型。通过实例验证,分析不同物流方式的概率,给出最适合托运人的物流方式。
关键词:物流;高铁;货运;Logit模型
中图分类号:F252 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8023(2021)01-0117-05
Abstract:According to the characteristics of high-speed rail freight, the types of high-speed rail cargo suitable for transport were given, and the logistics modes of high-speed rail are divided into four categories: special train transport, confirmed train, non-ticketing carriage of high-speed rail and passenger-carrying EMU. Based on the factors affecting different logistics modes, from the perspective of shipper, four influencing factors, namely cost, transportation distance, time and cargo loss rate, were selected to analyze the influencing factors of different logistics modes by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The influencing factor cost, transportation distance, time and cargo damage rate were divided into I, II, III, IV and V5 grades. The Logit model was used to construct the logistics mode selection model of high-speed railway based on shippers. Through example verification, the probability of different logistics modes was analyzed, and the most suitable logistics mode for shippers was given.
Keywords:Logistics; high-speed rail; freight; Logit model
0 引言
社會物流量随着网络购物需求和物流基础设施及服务的发展而迅速上升,物流业总体规模快速增长[1]。其中,物流快递量近几年以30%左右的速度每年高速增长,与此同时,我国服务业快速发展,1978—2017年,我国服务业增加值从905亿元增长到42.7万亿元,年均实际增长10.5%,服务业实力不断增强[2]。服务业的快速发展也改变了人们的生产、生活方式;改变了产品的需求和产品运输的方式;许多产品从传统的“大、笨、重”形象,向“轻、薄、小”方向发展,物流业务已然成为运输市场新的增长极。传统铁路货物运输速度慢、灵活性差的缺点,难以满足现代物流业的需求。近年来,虽然推出了区域性快运列车,但对提升铁路运输的物流市场份额作用并不明显[3-5]。
目前,国外高铁物流多是开通货运专列,国内多是利用客运列车捎带运输快递,国内学者研究较多的是不同物流模式与多个高铁快递产品之间的匹配[6]。……
