基因编辑技术在花卉育种中应用的研究进展
2021-03-30阚婷婷汪冲郑志仁张辉
阚婷婷 汪冲 郑志仁 张辉

摘 要: 相较传统育种,基因编辑育种能够更精准、高效地改变植物的性状,获得优良的品种. 目前应用基因编辑技术于花卉育种研究的报道相对较少. 该文综述了基因编辑技术,特别是规律成簇的间隔短回文重复/CRISPR-关联核酸内切酶9(CRISPR/Cas 9)在花卉中的研究进展及其局限性,同时还就花卉基因编辑育种的发展方向进行了讨论,希望为将基因编辑更好地应用于花卉育种提供参考.
关键词: 花卉; 基因编辑; 规律成簇的间隔短回文重复/CRISPR-关联核酸内切酶9(CRISPR/Cas 9); 育种
中图分类号: Q 812 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1000-5137(2021)01-0050-07
Abstract: Gene editing breeding technology can change the plant traits and obtain excellent varieties more accurately and efficiently than the traditional breeding. There are few reported researches on ornamental plant breeding by using gene editing technology.In this review,we mainly summarize the progress on gene editing technology and its limitations,especially clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9) in ornamental plant breeding.The future research directions of gene editing in breeding of ornamental plants were discussed as well,which can provide some reference for its further application.
Key words: ornamental plant; gene editing; clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9); breeding
0 引言
隨着人们生活水平的提高,花卉作为装扮环境的主要因素之一,也越来越受到人们的喜爱.为了满足花卉市场需求,培育更多优质花卉品种是花卉育种工作者的共同目标.传统的花卉育种方法主要有杂交育种和突变育种[1],虽然目前已经培育出了大量花卉品种,但是它们可变化的性状数量有限,且培育过程耗时费力.
转基因技术是将影响重要性状的功能基因转入目标花卉品种中,可以快速获得新性状的花卉品种.目前通过该技术已经获得了很多优良的花卉新品种,如蓝色玫瑰和微小型菊花等[2].然而,由于各国对于转基因植物政策的限制,目前只有少数转基因花卉品种获得监管部门的批准并进入市场.
以规律成簇的间隔短回文重复/CRISPR-关联核酸内切酶9(CRISPR/Cas 9)为代表的新一代基因编辑技术,是近年来生命科学领域……