李琨 吴建华 孙一鸣

摘 要：为探究空气罐对泵站水锤的防护效果，以北方某泵站工程为背景，根据水锤计算基本原理，建立空气罐数学模型，通过数值模拟泵站发生停泵水锤时无阀防护、液控蝶阀、液控蝶阀+空气阀、液控蝶阀+空气阀+空气罐联合防护工况下水锤压力水头变化规律，提出利用液控蝶阀+空气阀+一定体积的空气罐联合防护泵站水锤的新思路。通过进一步模拟空气罐高度直径比、初始气体压力水头对水锤防护效果的影响，得出了综合消除水锤最优方案为高度直径比为3、初始气体压力水头为60 m时，水锤防护效果最优。

关键词：水锤;负压;空气罐;高度直径比;初始气体压力水头;泵站

Abstract：In order to explore the protective effect of air tank to pump water hammer， taking a pumping station project in the north as the background and according to the basic principles of water hammer calculation， the mathematical model of the air tank was built. Through the numerical simulation of pump station stops pumping water hammer occurs without valve protection， hydraulic control butterfly valve， hydraulic control butterfly valve and air valve， hydraulic control butterfly valve， air valve and air tank joint protection condition of water hammer pressure head change rule， it proposed the use of hydraulic control butterfly valve， air valve and a certain volume of air tank joint pumping water hammer protection of new ideas. By further simulating the influence of the height diameter ratio of air tank and the initial gas pressure head on the protection effect of water hammer， it is concluded that when the height diameter ratio is 3 and the initial gas pressure head is 60 m and the protection effect of water hammer is the best.

Key words： water hammer; negative pressure; air tank; height diameter ratio; initial gas pressure head; pumping station

水錘防护是供水工程管道安全控制的核心内容，是长距离输水管线安全稳定运行的重要保障措施。往往水锤引起的压强骤升，可达到管道正常工作压强的几倍，甚至数十倍，大幅度的管道压强波动会造成强烈的管道振动，爆管事件屡见不鲜，亦会引起水泵倒转现象，导致泵房内设备管道出现故障，严重时可能淹没泵房，造成重大人员伤亡及财产损失[1]。当前，水锤防护装置主要有空气阀、调压塔、水锤消除器以及缓闭阀等，这些装置可以在不同程度上防止负压导致的水柱分离和水汽溃灭导致的危害现象，但运用到实际工程中效果不佳。蝶阀启闭方便，结构简单，但适用压力和工作温度范围较小，密封性较差，管道整体泄漏量很大，流量……