大清河流域气象干旱时空演化和联合概率分析
2021-03-28许怡然鲁帆戴雁宇
许怡然 鲁帆 戴雁宇



摘 要:为了评估大清河流域整体气象干旱状况,采用该流域1961—2015年逐日气象数据,基于CI干旱指数和面积阈值法识别区域气象干旱事件,提取历时、干旱面积等指标,分析研究区域气象干旱时空变化特征,并基于Copula函数进行多维干旱特征变量的联合概率分析和重现期计算。结果表明:研究区各地干旱频率相差不大;区域气象干旱程度总体有减轻趋势;冬旱发生的频数最多,春旱多于秋旱,跨季节连旱(尤其是冬春连旱和春夏连旱)较为常见;三维干旱特征变量联合概率能够全面地反映干旱极限特征,在工程设计、水资源决策中安全性更高。
关键词:区域气象干旱;Archimedean Copula函数;联合概率分析;大清河流域
Abstract:In order to study the characteristics of meteorological drought in the Daqing River basin, this study identified regional meteorological drought events based on daily weather data from 1961 to 2015. Copula function was employed to analyze the joint probability of drought duration, area and strength and compute two kinds of return periods. The results indicate that: no significant difference exists in the drought frequency across the study area; the drought strength relieves in the research period; compared with spring and autumn droughts, winter droughts occur most frequently; cross-seasonal droughts, especially winter-to-spring and spring-to-summer droughts are more common. Joint probability analysis of three-dimensional drought characteristic variables can fully reflect the characteristics of extreme drought.
Key words: regional meteorological drought; Archimedean Copula Function; joint probability analysis, Daqing River basin
干旱作為一种频繁发生且极具破坏力的自然灾害之一,发生在全球范围内绝大多数地区,深刻影响当地的生态与社会环境。随着经济社会的高速发展以及人口的快速增长,水资源短缺日益严重,在全球气候变暖的背景下,更突出了干旱问题的严重性。研究干旱的时空分布规律以及干旱风险评价,对于了解、监测干旱发生,提升抗旱减灾能力,保障经济社会、自然生态安全均有重要意义[1-2]。
干旱事件是包括干旱历时、干旱累计缺水量、干旱程度和影响面积等多变量的极值事件,其特征变量之间存在一定的相依关系,仅仅针对单个变量的频率分析方法不足以描述其概率性质,无法全面反映干旱的真实状况。而多变量干旱频率分析则是同时考虑多个干旱指标,通过联合分布来描述干旱的概率,可以更加全面合理地描述干旱随机性。……
