朱永明 杨姣姣 张水潮

摘 要：为了识别黄河流域高质量发展的关键影响因素、有效解决存在的问题，基于黄河流域的特殊性和发展新态势，以问题为导向，从经济、生态和社会3个层面选取13个影响黄河流域高质量发展的因素，采用AHP-DEMATEL方法定量探究各影响因素之间的关系并识别关键影响因素，结果表明创新能力、人才资源、人为破坏、教育资源、收入水平及其差距等是影响黄河流域实现协同高质量发展的关键因素。建议：加强人才培养、提升企业创新能力，国家合理配置教育资源并适当向黄河流域倾斜，完善黄河流域交通基础设施，解决居民收入水平低、差距大的问题等。

关键词：高质量发展;关键影响因素;创新能力;交通系统;人才资源;教育资源;收入水平;黄河流域

Abstract：In order to identify the key factors affecting the quality development of the Yellow River basin and effectively solve the existing problems， based on the particularity and new development trend of the Yellow River basin and problem-oriented， 13 factors influencing the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin were selected from three aspects of economy， ecology and society. The AHP-DEMATEL method was used to quantitatively explore the relationship among various influencing factors and identify key influencing factors. The results show that innovation ability， human resources， human destruction， educational resources， income level and its gap are the key factors affecting the realization of collaborative high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. It suggests to strengthening personnel training， enhancing the innovation ability of enterprises， rationally allocating educational resources and inclining to the Yellow River basin appropriately， improving the transportation infrastructure of the basin and solving the problems of low income level and large gap among residents.

Key words： high-quality development; key influencing factors; ability to innovate; transportation system; human resources; educational resources; income level; Yellow River basin

黄河作为中华民族的母亲河，孕育华夏文明、见证中华民族的复兴，在我国经济社会发展和生态安全方面具有举足轻重的地位[1]。然而随着经济的高速发展，黄河流域内经济和生态的矛盾逐渐显现，严重影响区域乃至国家的平稳发展，因此黄河治理保护成为国家关注的重点，实现黄河流域的高质量发展则是重中之重。2019年9月习近平总书记在河南郑州提出黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略[1]，为黄河流域的治理保护和高质量发展提供了新的机遇、指明了方向[2]。

由于黄河流域地域广阔、生态环境脆弱且流域内各地差异显著，使得黄河流域的高质量发展具有一定特殊性[3]，因此不能完全效仿其他地区高质量发展的做法，应依据黄河流域的实际情况，找出制约高质量发展的因素，有针对性地采取措施。……