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近十年来参加江西省棉花区试品种的抗病性分析

2021-03-24赵沛杨兆光吴洁李捷吴珍平夏绍南乔艳艳

棉花科学 2021年1期

赵沛 杨兆光 吴洁 李捷 吴珍平 夏绍南 乔艳艳

摘要:通过对江西省2010~2019年207份材料抗枯萎病性分析及对2016~2019年87份材料的抗黄萎病性分析,鉴定结果表明,参试品种的抗枯萎病性水平较高,近10年来高抗以及抗病品种占总参试品种的37.20%,且抗枯萎病性总体呈上升趋势;参试品种的抗黄萎病性水平较低,近4年来抗病品种占参试品种的17.24%,缺乏高抗品种,但近两年来对黄萎病抗性水平总体呈增强趋势。共筛选出5个对枯萎病和黄萎病兼抗的品种。

关键词:江西省;棉花品种;区域试验;抗病鉴定;枯萎病;黄萎病

中图分类号:S562.038

文献标识码:A

文章编号:2095-3143(2021)01-0037-06

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2021.01.007

Abstract:Through the analysis of the anti-fusarium wilt of 207 materials in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2019 and the analysis of the anti-verticillium wilt disease of 87 materials in 2016-2019, the identification results showed that the anti-fusarium wilt level of the participating varieties was high, the high resistance and disease-resistant varieties accounted for 37.20% of the total participating varieties in 10 years, and the overall resistance to withering disease showed an upward trend; the tested varieties have a low level of resistance to verticillium wilt, and in the past 4 years, the disease-resistant varieties accounted for 17.24% of the tested varieties, a lack of high resistance varieties, but the overall resistance level to verticillium wilt disease in the last 2 years showed an overall upward trend. A total of 5 varieties resistant to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt were screened out.

Key words:Jiangxi Province; Cotton varieties; Regional test; Disease resistance identification; Fusarium wilt; Verticillium wilt

棉花枯萎病和黄萎病是棉花生產中最重要的两个病害,在我国主产棉区常年发生,作为典型的土传病害,在适宜的气候环境下会大面积的爆发,对棉花的生产造成毁灭性的危害,防控难度大[1-2]。科学研究和生产实践证明,培育和种植抗病品种是最经济有效的手段[3-4]。因此,在棉花育种工作中,都会对培育的新品种进行抗枯萎病和黄萎病鉴定工作,以筛选出抗病品种。虽然乔艳艳,等[5]曾评价了2010~2014年江西省棉花品种区域试验的品种抗枯萎病性;涂祈钧,等[6-7]和王涛,等[8-9]曾在江西省棉花品种区域试验年度报告中评价了各参加品种的抗病性;杨笑敏,等[10]在赣棉 Z006 的特征特性及在江西植棉区栽培技术要点评价了该品种的抗枯萎病性和抗黄萎病性;但这些均是片面和零碎的,不能系统和全面的反映参加江西省棉花品种区域试验的品种抗病性整体情况与趋势。……

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