江晟

摘要：为筛选出适合稀土废矿区马尾松林分优化改造的乡土阔叶树，通过配置不同乡土阔叶树林下套种模式，调查3年后马尾松与阔叶树的生长情况、植物物种多样性、土壤改良效果，结果表明稀土矿区马尾松林下套种不同乡土阔叶树与对照（不套种）在马尾松生长量、植物物种多样性以及土壤改良效果均达极显著差异（P<0.01），其中在闽粤栲模式对促进马尾松生长效果较好，平均胸径生长量达9.00cm，平均树高达8.69cm，Margalef、Simpson指数分别为0.56、0.36，土壤pH值提高6.38%，硫酸根离子下降50.94%，土壤有机质增加1.75倍。

关键词：稀土矿区;马尾松;套种模式;阔叶树

Abstract：In order to select native broadleaved trees suitable forPinus massoniana plantation in rare earth waste mining area，the pine trees growth，plant species diversity and soil improvement were investigated after 3 years by interplanting different local broadleaved trees under the pine plantation. The results showed that different pine growth，plant species diversity and soil improvement effect of extremely significant difference （P<0.01） between pro-planting broadleaved trees and contrast. Among 3 models ，planting Castanopsis fissarehd was the best selection，which had best effect to promote the growth of pine with average DBH growth up to 9.00 cm，the average tree as high as 8.69cm;and highest diversity with Margalef index and Simpson index were 0.56 and 0.36，respectively;and best improvement of soil chemical properties with pH value increased by 6.38%，sulfate ion decreased by 50.94%，and soil organic matter increased by 1.75 times.

Keywords：Rare earth mining area;Pineplantation;Intercropping mode;Broad-leaved tree

2000年以来，长汀开展了一系列稀土废矿区水土流失治理植被恢复工作，形成了以马尾松纯林为主的林分，林下植被为芒萁骨，但恢复初期的马尾松林多为低产低效林，俗称“老头松”，存在生长缓慢、林分质量差、植被单一、植物物种多样性低、生态脆弱、林下水土流失严重，特别是目前存在松材线虫防控与火灾防控的双重压力等系列问题，导致局部废矿区植被出现退化，长此以往前期治理成果将逐渐丧失。因此，如何进行稀土废矿区马尾松林森林质量精准提升工程成为当前长汀水土流失治理深入推进亟需解决的科学问题。已有研究表明，针阔混交林较针叶林具有更强的生态稳定性、更高的物种多样性等特点，鉴于此，本文选择不同乡土阔叶树在长汀稀土废矿区马尾松针林下进行套种，调查3年后马尾松与阔叶树……