刘元媛　郭靖　张浩　田嘉

摘    要：拉枝在苹果现代矮化密植栽培模式中是一項促进早产丰产的关键技术措施，为探讨阿克苏地区矮化自根砧富士苹果拉枝处理对其生长和光合的影响，对3年生自由纺锤形树形的矮化自根砧富士苹果分别进行了全株侧枝不同角度拉枝处理，分别为110°～120°、80°～90°，50°～60°（对照），分析不同拉枝处理条件下苹果幼树生长、光合生理指标的变化。结果表明，株高、砧木地径、侧枝数量、胸径、新梢枝长生长量均随拉枝角度增大而上升，侧枝枝长随着拉枝角度的增大而减小;光合指标中，3种处理净光合速率呈现“单峰”曲线，不同拉枝处理表现为110°～120°>50°～60°（对照）> 80°～90°，蒸腾速率与净光合速率呈现正相关趋势，胞间CO2浓度与气孔导度呈现正相关趋势，不同拉枝处理中110°～120°处理具有较高的净光合速率和较高的CO2利用率。综上，拉枝处理增加树体主干生长量并显著提高了叶片光合物质积累量，综合考虑树体生长与光合利用效率等因素，110°～120°为 富士苹果自根砧栽培适宜的拉枝角度。

关键词：拉枝;自根砧;苹果;生长;光合

中图分类号：S661.1         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.003

Effects of Branch Pulling on Growth and Photosynthesis of Fuji Apple Young Trees from Root Stocks

LIU Yuanyuan1， GUO Jing2， ZHANG Hao2， TIAN Jia1

（1. College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China; 2. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000， China; 3. Jiamu National Key Forest Seed Base， Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences， Aksu， Xinjiang 843100， China）

Abstract： The opening angle is a key technical measure to promote premature and high yield in the modern dwarfing and dense planting cultivation mode of apples. In order to explore the effects of branch pulling on the dwarf self rootstock Fuji apple in Aksu area， the three-year-old free spindle trees were selected as study object， and three different angles of branch pulling were set， including 110 °～120 °， 80 °～90 ° and 50 °～60 °（control）， and the changes of the growth and photosynthetic physiological indexes of young apple trees under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that plant height， rootstock diameter， number of lateral branches， breast diameter and growth of new branch length increased with the increase of branch pulling angle， while the length of lateral branch decreased with the increase of branch pulling angle. Among the photosynthetic indexes， the net photosynthetic rate of the three treatments presented a "single peak" curve， and the performance of different branch pulling treatments was 110°～120° > 50°～60°（control） > 80°～90°. The transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate showed a positive correlation trend， and the intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance showed a positive correlation trend. The treatment of 110°～120° had higher net photosynthetic rate and higher CO2 utilization rate. In conclusion， the branch pulling treatment increased the trunk growth and significantly increased the leaf photosynthetic material accumulation. Considering the tree growth and photosynthetic utilization efficiency and other factors， 110°～120° was the suitable branch pulling angle for Fuji Apple rootstock cultivation.

Key words： branch pull; root stock; apple; growth; photosynthesis

矮化自根砧宽行密植栽培模式已经成为现代苹果产业的发展的总体趋势之一[1]，采用矮化自根砧苗建立果园，具有园貌整齐、易于机械化管理、结果早、产量高、品质好等优点[2]。M9-T337是近年来我国新兴的苹果矮化集约栽培模式所用优良矮化自根砧品种，由荷兰木本植物苗圃检测服务中心（NAKTUINBOUW）选育的苹果矮化砧木，其具有矮化性强、适应性广、结果早、品质高等优点[3-4]。