基于锥形刀具的螺旋锥齿轮齿顶倒棱加工仿真研究
2021-03-10卞博洪荣晶
卞博 洪荣晶



摘要:针对螺旋锥齿轮倒棱大小无法精确控制的问题,提出了一种采用锥形刀具进行齿顶倒棱加工的方法.该方法建立了齿顶棱线方程,并以此为依据推导出刀具轨迹方程;根据锥形刀具的锥角和倒棱的长度,经过几何变换计算出刀尖点位置和刀轴矢量;在此基础上确定刀具加工轨迹进而完成齿顶倒棱加工.仿真结果表明,在3组不同倒棱参数下,倒棱的形状误差≤0.05 mm,提高了倒棱精度,且可灵活控制倒棱大小.
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the chamfer size of spiral bevel gears cannot be precisely controlled,a method for chamfering the tooth top with a conical cutter was proposed.This method established the tooth crest equation, and derived the tool path equation based on this. According to the taper angle of the conical cutter and the length of the chamfer, the position of the tool tip point and the tool axis vector could be calculated through geometric transformation.From this, the machining path of the tool was determined to complete the chamfering of tooth top. Simulation results showed that under three different chamfer parameters, the chamfer shape error was not more than 0.05 mm, which improved the chamfer accuracy, and could flexibly control the chamfer size.
0 引言
螺旋锥齿轮因承载力高、传动平稳,被广泛应用于飞机、车辆、工程机械等传动系统中[1-2].螺旋锥齿轮在切削加工过程中,齿面和齿顶常常会有毛刺、飞边等“棱”出现,在剧烈工况下,会产生噪声、冲击及齿面快速疲劳破坏等现象[3-5],因此对齿顶倒棱技术的研究非常重要.
发达工业国家在齿轮倒棱技术上有较为成熟的经验,SAMPUTENSILI公司生产的SM2TA挤棱机以挤棱工艺加工热前未淬硬齿轮的齿廓棱线部分;日本山阳研制的五轴双曲面齿轮倒棱机,自动化程度较高且易操作[6];K.M.Ribbeck等[7]在刀盘上安装多把刀具,通过刀盘与工件旋转完成螺旋锥齿轮的倒棱加工.国内部分学者对倒棱问题也进行了研究,徐彦伟等[8]提出了采用锥形砂轮实现弧齿锥齿轮大轮齿顶倒棱;李佳等[9]提出了旋分倒棱技术,该方法需要1个平移和3个旋转运动联动;魏巍等[10]提出的盘形刀具的弧齿锥齿轮齿顶倒棱加工方法,可同时加工两边倒棱,但形状误差较……