赵建国　徐永贵　李刚强　李玉　张珂　孙言卓

摘要：利用易于控制的序批式反应器（SBR）处理以甲醇为共代谢碳源的五氯苯酚（PCP）废水，控制进水PCP质量浓度为10 mg/L，并设置仅以甲醇为碳源的对照组，利用发光菌急性毒性生物实验和变性梯度凝胶电泳技术分别研究PCP对污泥急性毒性和菌群结构的影响，进而分析优势菌群对污泥急性毒性的作用.结果表明，在第1—19 d期间，进水中的PCP（10 mg/L）会严重抑制污泥活性，导致污泥絮体解体，PCP难以被降解去除，出水化学需氧量（COD）质量浓度和污泥急性毒性显著高于对照组;受PCP污染的污泥活性恢复较慢，在第20—32 d期间不再投加PCP和在第33—75 d期间补充投加2 mg/L PCP，进水COD和PCP的处理效果仍旧较差;吸附至污泥的PCP仅仅是引起污泥急性毒性升高的原因之一，受PCP诱导富集的优势菌群在降解PCP过程中产生的代谢中间产物和分泌的次级代谢产物也是引起污泥急性毒性不可忽视的重要因素.

Abstract：A sequencing batch bioreactor （SBR） was used to treat pentachlorophenol （PCP） wastewater with the co-metabolic carbon source of methanol，and the influent PCP was controlled as 10 mg/L.In addition，another SBR only supplied methanol was set as control.The effects of PCP on sludge acute toxicity and microbial community were studied by the luminescent bacterium acute toxicity bioassy and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique，and the function of dominant microbes on sludge acute toxicity was deeply analyzed.Results showed that during the period of 1-19 days，the sludge activity was significantly inhibited after injecting into 10 mg/L PCP in influent，the sludge flocs were disintegrated and the PCP was difficult to degrade.The effluent chemical oxygen demands （COD） and sludge acute toxicity under PCP stress were significantly higher than the control.The regeneration of sludge activity was slow due to the PCP contamination.No PCP was added during 20-32 days and 2 mg/L PCP was added during 33-75 days，the removal of influent COD and PCP was still poor.The adsorbed PCP in sludge causing the increase of sludge acute toxicity was only one of the reasons.The metabolic intermediates of PCP and secretive secondary metabolites by the enriched dominant microbes should not be ignored in the process of PCP degradation，which played an important role in causing the sludge acute toxicity.

0 引言

不同種类和性质的氯酚类化合物被广泛应用于工业品的生产过程，如2，4-二氯苯酚（2，4-DCP）和2，4，5-三氯苯酚（2，4，5-TCP）大量用于农药2，4-D和2，4，5-T的生产，五氯苯酚（PCP）用于血吸虫病的防治等[1-2]，这导致大量的氯酚类化合物进入水体，对自然环境造成了很大的危害.此外，部分工业生产过程排放的废水（如焦化废水和造纸废水）中也含有质量浓度较高的不同氯酚类化合物[3-4].由于氯酚类化合物会对生物的代谢造成不可逆的损害，甚至可能会引起致畸、致癌和致突变的“三致”效应，许多国家都将其……