程煜 黄薇薇 沈非 罗耀 陈铭杨 任雅茹

摘 要：随着城市化和工业化的逐渐深化，以PM2.5为首要污染物的空气质量问题尤为凸显，严重危害着人们的身心健康和区域可持续发展。基于2017年安徽省136个PM2.5浓度监测站点数据，分析了全省PM2.5污染的时空分布特征;利用地理探测器分析了影响因子的影响力以及彼此的交互作用。结果表明：安徽省PM2.5浓度时空特征差异明显，在时间上，冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;在空间上，皖北>皖中>皖南;各风险因子的影响力中，年均气温最高，社会用电量次之，人口密度和一产占比也相对较高。交互作用显示，各影响因子关系均为双因子增强。

关键词：PM2.5;安徽省;时空特征;影响因素;地理探测器

中图分类号 X513文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）02-0144-04

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Analysis of PM2.5 Pollution in Anhui Province

CHENG Yu1 et al.

（1School of Geography and Tourism， Anhui Normal University， Wuhu 241003， China）

Abstract： Along with the progress of urbanization and industrialization， primary pollutants for PM2.5 air quality problems were highlighted， seriously endangering people's physical and mental health and regional sustainable development. Based on the data of 136 PM2.5 concentration monitoring stations in Anhui Province in 2017， this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in the province. The geographic detector is used to analyze the influence of influence factors and their interaction. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentration in Anhui was significantly different in time and space. The results show that： the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in Anhui Province are significantly different. In terms of time， winter>spring>autumn>summer; in space， north Anhui>central Anhui>South Anhui. Among all risk factors， the annual average temperature was the highest， the social electricity consumption was the second， the population density and the proportion of primary production were also relatively high. The interaction showed that the relationship among the influencing factors was enhanced by two factors.

Key words： PM2.5; Anhui province; Spatio-temporal characteristics; Influencing factors; Geographic detector

1 引言

自改革開放以来，我国经济快速发展，但与此同时，也带来了不可忽视的环境问题。2013年，我国首次出现了持续时间久、波及范围广的雾霾污染现象，全国多个省市几乎都受到了雾霾的笼罩[1]。2016年底，包括京津冀、山东、山西、安徽、陕西等多个省市在内的地区受到了大范围重污染天气的影响，河北地区多个城市甚至出现PM2.5浓度过千的情况。全国各地大规模的雾霾污染事件频繁发生，越来越引起全社会的关注与政府部门的高度重视。

PM2.5是一种悬浮在空气当中，直径≤2.5μm的大气细颗粒物，它是雾霾的主要组分[2]。PM2.5主要来自自然源和人为源二大类，自然源包括火山喷发、森林火灾等，而人为源包括化学燃料的燃烧、工业污染排放、汽车尾气、道路和建筑扬尘等[3]。PM2.5粒径小，比……