段金萍 原秦英 周喜荣 万佳淼

摘 要：以牛粪为主料，辅以粉碎玉米秸秆、葡萄与枸杞枝条粉进行好氧发酵，按照原料特性，设置牛粪+玉米秸秆粉（T1）、牛粪+葡萄枝条粉（T2）、牛粪+枸杞枝条粉（T3）等3种配比，调节C/N为25∶1，以商品基质（CK）为对照。通过自制全封闭旋转通气装置快速好氧发酵14d，获得发酵产物，作为黄瓜育苗与栽培的基質，探讨发酵产物对黄瓜育苗及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明：不同秸秆与牛粪共发酵产物均可提高基质的有机质、有效磷、速效钾，为幼苗生长提供充足的养分，同时提高了黄瓜的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力，促进了幼苗的生长发育。

关键词：不同秸秆;牛粪;发酵;黄瓜生长

中图分类号 S63文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）02-0082-04

Effects of Different Co-fermentation Products of Straw and Cow Dung on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Cucumber

DUAN Jinping1 et al

（1Ningxia Hongyang Engineering Testing Limited company， Zhongwei 755100， China）

Abstract： Cow manure was used as the main material， supplemented by crushed corn straw， grape and wolfberry branch powder for aerobic fermentation. According to the characteristics of raw materials， three ratios of cow dung + corn straw powder （T1）， cow dung + grape branch powder （T2）， and cow dung + wolfberry branch powder （T3） were set to adjust the C/N to be 25∶1， taking the commercial matrix （CK） as the control. The fermentation products were obtained by using the self-made fully enclosed rotating ventilation device for rapid aerobic fermentation for 14 days. The effects of fermentation products on seedling growth and seedling development of cucumber were studied. The results showed that different co-fermentation products of straw and cow dung increased seedling emergence rate， and the emergence rate of cow dung and corn straw powder was the best， reaching 97.92%. The co-fermentation products of different straw and cow manure could improve the organic matter， available phosphorus and available potassium of the matrix， provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of seedlings， and meanwhile improve the chlorophyll content， soluble protein content and root activity of cucumber. Therefore， reasonable utilization of agricultural waste matrix can promote the growth and development of seedlings.

Key words： Different straw; Cow dung; The fermentation; Cucumber growth

近年来，我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速，据统计，我国畜禽养殖业年平均生产粪便约25×108 t，约是工业废弃物的2倍[1]。但与此同时，由于畜禽粪便未经处理随意排泄，给生态环境和农田带来了严重污染[2]。随着秸秆焚烧令的执行，农业生产中的大量秸秆被随意丢弃，已成为农村环境不良的重要原因之一。因此，农业废弃物资源化利用已十分紧迫，其中农业废弃物的基质化利用是非常有效的途径[3]。众所周知，我国蔬菜产业每年消耗大量的草炭作为育苗基质的栽培基质，然而，草炭的开采是以湿地消退为代价，引发更严重的环境问题，因而近年来草炭的开采受到了一定限制。我国农业废弃物资源丰富，种类多，数量大[4]，将数量庞大成本低廉的畜禽粪便与植物秸秆共同发酵，不仅能够开发优质价廉的育苗栽培基质替代草炭基质，还能实现农业废弃物循环利用，实现农业的可持续发展[5]。……