同位语从句和定语从句的用法探究
2021-02-18汪阳锋
汪阳锋
名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句是高中阶段非常重要的三种从句。名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句在一定程度上具有相似性,也是学生容易混淆的两种从句。因此,教师应该帮助学生明确其不同点,学会正确运用这两种从句。
一般来说,区分同位语从句和定语从句的方法主要有这几种:
1.同位语从句所修饰的先行词常常是表抽象概念的词,而定语从句所修饰的先行词一般由名词或代词构成。
例句:The proposal that he should go abroad to study is being discussed at home. (同位语从句) that引导的同位语从句对抽象名词proposal进行进一步解释说明。
We expressed the hope that we would go back to study again soon. (同位语从句) that引导的同位语从句对抽象名词hope进行进一步解释说明。
2.定语从句修饰先行词,并限定先行词的意义;同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容,与先行词处于“同等地位”。
例句:Many points that I have emphasized just now are being discussed just now. (定语从句) that引导的定语从句对先行词points进行限定和修饰。
I have made a promise that I will try my best to help you. (同位语从句) that引导的同位语从句对先行词promise进行进一步解释和说明,即promise的内容是什么。
3.定语从句可以由关系代词或关系副词引导;同位语从句主要由连词that引导,有时也可用where,who,whether等词引导。
例句:Thisistheroomwhereheusedtolive.(定语从句)关系副词where引导的定语从句修饰先行词room。
The question whether he will join the team has not been decided yet. (同位语从句) whether引导的同位语从句解释说明,即question的内容是什么。
The question who will come to finish the rest of assignments is under discussion. (同位语从句) who引导的同位语从句解释说明question的内容是什么。
4.引导定语从句的关系代词有时可以省略;同位语从句的连接词不可以省略。
例句:The suggestion (that) he made at the meeting is rather practical. (定语从句) that引导的定语从句中,that在从句中作made的宾语,因此可以省略。
The suggestion that we should finish the task ahead of time is really wise. (同位语从句) that引导的同位语从对suggestion进行解释说明,即suggestion内容是什么。……
