杨昌智 刘浩为 雷小慧

摘要：基于等效传热系数法与正交试验法，针对既有建筑各组成类型围护结构的热工性能提出了一种分类诊断方法.该诊断方法首先将各类型围护结构的传热系数综合成一个等效指标———综合等效传热系数.只需要测量既有建筑室内外温度序列与各类型围护结构的几何尺寸，便可以计算出综合等效传热系数，再通过正交试验法与回归分析法求出各类型围护结构的等效传热系数.将各类型围护结构的等效传热系数与节能设计标准中传热系数的限值进行比较，便可以诊断其热工性能.为了验证方法的可行性，以位于长沙市的一栋实验小房为例进行计算，得到了外墙、外窗、屋顶与外门的等效传热系数分别为1.62 W/（m2·K）、2.84 W/（m2·K）、1.25 W/（m2·K）、3.14 W/（m2·K）.对比等效传热系数与实际传热系数，两者数值吻合较好，证明了该方法在工程应用上具有可行性.

关键词：围护结构；热工性能；快捷检测诊断；等效传热系数；正交试验

中图分类号：TU111.19文献标志码：A

基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51578221），National Natural Science Foundation of China（51578221）；湖南省既有建筑能耗诊断方法与技术规程编制项目（KY2016068）

A Method for Evaluating Thermal Performance of Various Envelopes in Existing Buildings

YANG Changzhi，LIU Haowei，LEI Xiaohui

（College of Civil Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China）

Abstract：Based on the equivalent heat transfer coefficient method and orthogonal experiments，a method for e-valuating the thermal performance of various envelopes in existing buildings is proposed. The heat transfer coefficients of the external wall，external window，roof，and external door are integrated into an index（comprehensive equivalent heat transfer coefficient）. It is only necessary to measure indoor and outdoor temperature sequences of the existing buildings and geometrical dimensions of envelopes. The comprehensive equivalent heat transfer coefficient can be calculated，and the equivalent heat transfer coefficient of various envelopes can be obtained by orthogonal experi-ments and regression analysis. By comparing the equivalent heat transfer coefficients of various envelopes with heat transfer coefficient limits in standards，the thermal performance can be evaluated. To verify the feasibility of the method，a small experimental building located in Changsha is taken as an example. The equivalent heat transfer coef-ficients of the external wall，external window，roof and external door are1.62 W/（m2·K），2.84 W/（m2·K），1.25 W/（m2·K）and 3.14 W/（m2·K），respectively. Comparing equivalent heat transfer coefficients with actual heat transfer coeffi-cients，the values are in good agreement，which proves that the method is feasible in engineering applications.

Key words：envelope structure；thermal performance；fast detection and diagnosis；equivalent heat transfer coef-ficients；orthogonal experiments

據统计我国供热、通风、空调的能耗已经达到了建筑总能耗的65%左右[1-3]，而其中的约30%到50%被围护结构传热所消耗[4]，可见围护结构热工性能的好坏对既有建筑能耗的高低有着巨大的影响.预计到2020年底我国高能耗建筑面积将达到700亿平方米，建筑能耗占比全国总能耗将高达35%[5]，所以对既有建筑的围护结构进行节……