陈雷 王强 张晓丽 高国庆 吕荣华 陶伟 潘英华 江立庚 唐茂艳 梁天锋

摘要：【目的】筛选花期耐热性强、产量水平高的水稻品种，为水稻花期耐热性鉴定与评价及应对高温热害的品种选择提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】在人工气候室内模拟高温胁迫（高温38 ℃，每天处理6 h，连续处理3 d），以Y两优1号为对照品种，以相对耐热指数为评价指标，同时结合产量水平，对100个不同水稻基因型的花期耐热性进行鉴定与评价。【结果】不同水稻基因型的花期耐热性差异明显，高温胁迫下颖花结实率为3.6%～64.3%，相对结实率为9.5%～80.0%。以相对耐热指数为评级标准，耐热性级别达到1（强）、3（较强）、5（中等）、7（较弱）和9（弱）级的水稻品种数量分别为4、13、42、26和15份。采用聚类分析法将100个基因型分为6种不同耐热性和产量水平的水稻类型，其中第一类在高温热害易发区推广种植安全生产性高。相对结实率是不同水稻基因型分类的主要因子，其次为产量，根据相对结实率和产量之间的二维象限分布特征，进一步筛选出耐热性较强、产量水平較高等综合性状好的品种。【结论】通过对100个不同水稻基因型花期耐热性进行鉴定和评价，筛选出特优837、云光14号、Q优8号、国稻7号、Y两优865、汕优63和黄华占等7个耐热性较强且产量水平较高的品种，这些品种可在高温易发区推广应用。

关键词：水稻;花期;耐热性;相对耐热指数;鉴定

中图分类号：S511                               文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）10-2641-09

Abstract：【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the identification and evaluation of the heat tolerance during the flowering stage and the selection of varieties to cope with high temperature and heat injury， rice varieties with high heat tolerance and high yield at flowering stage were selected in this study. 【Method】In this study，the heat tolerance of 100 different rice genotypes at the flowering stage was evaluated by simulating high temperature （38 ℃ for 6 hours per day for 3 d） in a phytotron， using Y Liangyou 1 as the control variety and the relative heat tolerance index as the evaluation index， and also combining with the yield level. 【Result】The results showed that there were great differences in spikelet fertility among different rice cultivars under heat stress at the flowering stage， demonstrating that they had different heat tolerance. Under high temperature stress， the spikelet fertility ranged from 3.6% to 64.3%， while the relative spikelet fertility ranged from 9.5% to 80.0%. The heat tolerance of different cultivars was classified according to the relative heat tolerance index， and the number of rice varieties with heat tolerance grade of 1 （highly tolerant）， 3 （tolerant）， 5 （moderately tolerant）， 7 （susceptible） and 9 （highly susceptible） were 4， 13， 42， 26 and 15， respectively. Cluster analysis was used to divide 100 rice genotypes into six types with different heat tolerance and yield levels. Among them， the first type was popularized in heat injury prone areas with high safety and productivity. Relative spikelet fertility was the main factor for the classification of different rice genotypes， followed by the yield. According to the two-dimensional quadrant distribution characteristics between relative spikelet fertility and yield， some varieties with good comprehensive traits， including strong heat tolerance and high yield level， were further screened out. 【Conclusion】Through the identification and evaluation of heat tolerance of 100 different rice genotypes during the flowering time， seven varieties with high heat tolerance and high yield level are selected， such as Teyou 837， Yunguang 14， Q You 8， Guodao 7， Y Liangyou 865， Shanyou 63 and Huanghuazhan. These varieties can be planted in the high temperature prone areas.

Key words：rice; flowering stage; heat tolerance; relative heat tolerance index; identification

Foundation item：National Natural Science Foundation of China （32160447）; Guangxi Natural Science Foundation （2019GXNSFBA245006）; Project of the Central Government Guides the Development of Local Science and Technology （Guike ZY20198015）; Innovation Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences （Guinongke 2021YT031）

0 引言

【研究意義】据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，IPCC）预测，至2100年全球平均气温将上升0.8～4.8 ℃，而在过去一个世纪，亚洲大部分地区极端高温事件频发（IPCC，2014）。……