四川双流中学 蒋建平（特级教师）

感知·素养解读

人类社会与自然环境相互依存，人与自然应和谐相处。 但是近年来人们为了自身的发展，破坏了部分地区的环境状况，造成了环境的严重污染和退化，这将严重威胁人类的生存和发展。 当前，随着国家对环境问题的重视程度不断提高，高考从引导考生核心价值观的角度出发，也会越来越重视对世界与环境类话题的考查。 世界与环境主题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。 它们与学生的生活息息相关。 对这些话题的学习和高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事，关注社会环境，树立环保意识，学会与大自然和谐相处。

课标中“世界与环境”主题涉及的主要内容有：（1）Countries and maps（China, Great Britain,United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Russia, India, Egypt, Cuba, etc.）；（2）Issues（population, land use and quality, population growth, housing, etc.）。

关于“世界与环境”主题的写作常有以下几个命题角度：介绍国家或城市、介绍“地球日”活动、水资源的合理利用、公共卫生意识、日常生活中的环境保护、动物保护、垃圾分类等。

探究·语库构建

语境串记

The worldwide plastic problem

Plastic is everywhere because it's almost 1._______（end） useful. And when it's thrown away,2.______plastic finds its way into a plant, a lot of it can be made into something useful all over again.

But every year more and more plastic waste ends up in the ocean. And a global team of scientists has now tracked the production and disposal of plastic all around the world and used that information 3._______（forecast） the scale of our plastic pollution problem for the next 20 years.

Household waste, the scientists say, is by far the 4.________（big） source of all this pollution.They calculated that every year 30 million tonnes of waste is dumped on land; nearly 50 million tonnes of waste 5.________（burn） out in the open, and that's in addition to the 10 million tonnes of waste that finds its way into our oceans.

Many of us might do our bit with reusable water bottles and coffee cups. But there's an 6.________（estimate） two billion people in the southern hemisphere who have no access to any formal waste collection—they're simply left to work out 7._______to do with all their rubbish.

8._______（provide） protection and safe employment for workers in low-income countries who collect and sort all of that waste will be just as important 9.________（global） as reducing the production of single-use plastic. And while these new figures are daunting, the researchers say that recognising the source and the scale of this problem is 10.______first step in stemming the worldwide tide of plastic pollution.

遍及全球的塑料污染问题

塑料无处不在，因为它的用途几乎是无穷无尽的。 当塑料被丢弃后，如果被运到了像这样的废物处理厂，大量的塑料垃圾就可以被重新制成有用的东西。

但每年都有越来越多的塑料垃圾流入海洋。 一支由多国科学家组成的团队现已追踪了世界各地塑料的生产和处理情况，并用这些信息预测了未来20年塑料污染问题的严重性。

科学家们表示，生活垃圾是塑料污染的最大来源。 他们计算出，每年有3,000万吨塑料被倾倒在陆地上，近5,000万吨被露天焚烧，此外还有1,000万吨流入海洋。

我们中的许多人也许会尽一己之力，用可重复使用的水瓶和咖啡杯。 但据估算，在南半球，有20亿人没有任何正规的垃圾收集渠道，他们只能自己想办法处理所有的垃圾。

在全球范围内，为低收入国家收集和分类垃圾的劳动者们提供保护和安全的就业环境，将与减少一次性塑料的生产同等重要。 尽管这些新数据令人生畏，但研究人员表示，认识到塑料污染问题的根源和规模是遏制全球塑料污染浪潮的第一步。

素材积累

（一）阅读词汇整合（明其义）

【核心单词】

1. protection 保护

2. sort 分类

3. atmosphere 大气；大气层

4. ecosystem 生态系统

5. recycle/reuse 再利用；循环使用

6. economize v. 节省；节约

economy n. 经济；节约

economic adj. 经济学的；经济的

7. renewable adj. 可再生的

renew v. 重新开始；续借

【高频短语】

1. raise awareness that/of sth 增强……的意识

2. call on/call for/appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事

3. take action/steps/measures 采取措施

4. do harm to 对……有害

5. bring about 导致；引起

6. make full use of/make the best of/take advan-

tage of 充分利用

7. sort the rubbish 把垃圾分类

8. recycle the rubbish 回收垃圾

9.improve the present situation 改善目前的状况

【主题整合】

地球环境

1. farmland 农田

2. desert 沙漠

3. forest 森林

4. mountain range 山脉

5. ecological balance 生态平衡

6. ocean circulation 海洋环流

7. water resource 水资源

环境污染与破坏

1. poison n. 毒药

poisonous adj. 有毒的

2. noise n. 噪音

noisy adj. 嘈杂的；喧闹的

3. desertification 沙漠化

4. deforestation 滥伐森林

5. overdevelop 过度开发

6. haze 雾霾

7. emission 排放；散发物

8. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

9. greenhouse effect 温室效应

10. global warming 全球变暖

11. bring...to extinction 使……灭绝

12. be threatened by 受到……的威胁

13. under threat 处于威胁中

环境保护

1. environment-friendly/environmentally friendly对环境有利的

2. wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区

3. be stuck/caught in 陷入

4. live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处

5. lead/live a low-carbon life 过低碳生活

6. prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

7. raise people's environmental awareness 增强人们的环境意识

（二）写作词汇运用（悉其用）

根据汉语提示或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。

1. It is high time that we_____________（采取措施） to protect our environment.

2.______________（recycle） is important to help protect our environment.

3. Many of the traffic accidents caused by drunk-driving have brought about_____________(交通堵塞), injuries and even death.

4. The reason why we should protect_______________（自然资源） is that we will benefit from it.

5. The estimates released yesterday by the World Bank for the first time put a welfare cost on the toll from indoor and outdoor___________（空气污染） and highlight how it has soared over the past quarter of a century, as developing economies have rapidly industrialized.

6. They also illustrate the scale of the________________（ 环 境 挑 战） confronting those countries as they seek to address chronic air pollution.

7. An_____________（estimate） 7.5 million lives were lost to diseases associated with air pollution in 2019, the latest year for which global data are available.

8._____________（据我所知）, it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.

9. More than 90 per cent of the premature deaths occurred in developing countries, with young children especially badly_____________（affect）.

10. While there had been some__________（证据） of success globally in reducing household air pollution, the problem of outdoor air pollution was growing.

（三）核心句型表达（精于表）

根据要求翻译下列句子。

1. 众所周知，垃圾处理一直是政府亟待解决的难题。

译法一：（含as引导的定语从句）

译法二：（含it作形式主语的主语从句）

2. 谈到节能减排，我碰巧在一份报纸上看到有关这一话题的报道。

译法一：（含it作形式主语的主语从句）

译法二：（含不定式结构）

3. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题。

译法一：（用it作形式主语）

译法二：（含同位语从句）

4. 只有将这些解决方案结合起来，才能缓解交通压力。

译法一：（陈述句）

译法二：（倒装句）

实践·主题测评

知识维度诊断评价

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1. But at the same time we also see mentions of London and Paris as cities_________this concern still exists.

2. Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, the theme of which is_________（make）the city more beautiful and advocate a low-carbon lifestyle.

3. In the afternoon, we went to the People's Square to hand out leaflets,_________（raise） people's awareness of environmental protection.

4. As long as there is the_________（possible） of saving our planet, do take action now before it is too late.

5. Recently, in order to raise our awareness of environmental protection, our school carried out an activity_________theme is “Low carbon life, starts from me”.

6. The activity calls on us to take the useful measures into________（consider） seriously.

7. In our daily life, we should also save resources, including water, electricity and food, and furthermore, when going shopping, we should take advantage of_________（reuse） bags instead of plastic bags.

8. If we want to go out, we can take public transport, and of course,_________（ride） bicycles is a good choice because it can not only protect living environment but build up our body strength.

9.________（protect） our environment, there are many things we can do.

10. Not only should we advocate green life,_________calls on us to use environmentally friendly products, but also we should advocate a low-carbon lifestyle, developing renewable resources.

Ⅱ. 情境写作

水是生命之源，但水资源短缺和水污染已成为世界上最严重的资源环境问题之ー，需要引起我们的关注。 假定你是某国际学校的学生，请就此问题写一篇演讲稿。 要点如下:

1. 水的重要性；

2. 水污染状况；

3. 水资源保护。注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Good morning, everyone.__________________________________________________________

Thanks for listening.