李亚贞 肖富良 韩德鹏 戴熙燕 刘开基 王瑞平 陈明 余跑兰 肖国滨

摘    要：为探讨马铃薯-中稻-再生稻不同覆盖方式下马铃薯的生长发育特性，选用裸地（M1）、稻草包芯覆盖（M2）、黑色地膜覆盖（M3）、稻草包芯+黑色地膜覆盖（M4）4种覆盖方式，以4个马铃薯品种为材料，采用2因素裂区设计对不同覆盖方式下马铃薯出苗时间及出苗率、大中薯率、产量和经济效益进行研究。结果表明，在所有处理中，M4处理的出苗率最高，分别比M3、M2和M1处理提高了1.62%、2.65%、7.71%。马铃薯的株高、主茎数、大中薯率和产量均表现出M4>M3>M2>M1。而不同品种的产量则以兴佳2号最高，分别比华薯2号、中薯5号、费乌瑞它提高了90.86%、98.70%、103.17%。同时，M4处理下兴佳2号的产量分别比M3、M2和M1处理增加了17.32%、30.70%和 43.17%，产投比则分别提高了13.14%、22.22%、41.43%。方差分析表明，品种对产量的影响最大，覆盖方式对出苗率影响最大。因此，稻草包芯+黑色地膜覆盖技术可改善马铃薯大中薯率，能显著增产增收，是江西三熟制地区的高效栽培模式。

关键词：马铃薯;三熟制;覆盖;产量

中图分类号：S532 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-082-05

Abstract： The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of potato growth under different mulching treatments： potato-mid-season-rice-ratoon rice. This study can provide a theoretical base for the high-yield cultivation of potatoes in three seasonal cropping systems， Jiangxi province. In this study， four kinds of mulching methods were used， which included control （M1）， straw （M2）， black plastic film （M3）， straw and black plastic film （M4）. Four varieties of potatoes were planted in all treatments. The potato emergence time and seeding rate， tuber percentage， yield and economic benefits were analyzed using a two-factor split-plot experiment design. The results showed that the potato emergence rate was the highest in M4 than that of other treatments. The germination rate of M4 treatment was increased by 1.62%， 2.65% and 7.71% compared with M3， M2， M1 treatments， respectively. The plant height， main stems， tuber percentage， and yield was highest in M4， followed by M3 and M1. The yield of Xingjia No. 2 was the highest among the four varieties， which was increased by 90.86%， 98.70%， and 103.17%， compared with Huashu No. 2， Zhongshu No. 5， and Favorita. At the same time， the emergence of Xingjia No. 2 seedlings under M4 treatment was increased by 17.32%， 30.70% and 43.17%， compared with M3， M2 and M1 treatments， the production-to-investment ratio increased by 13.14%， 22.22% and 41.43%， respectively. The statistical anlaysis of data showed that the mulching method has a great influence on the yield and emergence rate of potatoes. The straw core and black mulching technology can improve the potato emergence rate， significantly increasing production and income. These methods can be efficient for the three seasonal potato cultivation in Jiangxi's， China.

Key words：Potato; Triple cropping; Mulching; Yield

馬铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）是世界上第四大粮食作物，营养优、成分丰富，是发达国家的主要食物[1]。马铃薯主粮化不仅有助于推进种植业结构调整，而且有助于改善和丰富我国居民膳食营养结构[2]。南方利用冬季闲置水稻田种植冬种马铃薯，具有提高土地利用率、不与其他作物争地等优势[3]。江西耕地资源具有复种指数高、水田多、旱地少、类型多、分布广的特点[4]。江西是典型的三熟制优势产区，目前主要三熟制高效种植模式有油菜-稻-稻、绿肥-稻-稻、菜-稻-稻和薯-稻-稻等。……