郭松 刘声锋 杜慧莹 于蓉 田梅 王志强 杨万邦

摘 要：为探讨不同滴灌频率对压砂地西瓜的生长特性及品质的影响，进一步提高西瓜灌溉水分利用效率、保质保量促进西瓜生长发育，以灌水频率为变量，在伸蔓期、果实膨大期设置补灌试验，研究其对西瓜生长特性、产量、品质等方面的影响。结果表明，相较于高频率补灌（CK，5次补灌），在中低频率补灌（2～3次补灌）条件下，西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量提高2.80%～13.08%，可溶性蛋白含量提高56.25%～62.50%，中低频率补灌总酸含量降低18.41%～31.07%。且采用2～3次补灌的处理，可提高水分利用率2.45%～16.6%。综上所述，采用中低频补灌处理，补灌量控制在16.46～21.46 m3·667 m-2，能促进压砂地西瓜的营养物质积累，可提高压砂地水分利用效率、改善压砂地西瓜品质，进而为压砂西瓜优质生产提供理论基础和实践指导。

关键词：西瓜;生长特性;品质;滴灌频率;水分利用效率

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-068-05

Abstract： In order to explore the effect of different drip irrigation frequency on the growth characteristics and quality of watermelon in sand pressure field， improve the water use efficiency of watermelon irrigation， and promote the quality and yield， the effects of irrigation frequency on watermelon growth characteristics， yield and quality were studied. The results showed that compared with high frequency water supplement， the content of central sugar increased by 2.80%-13.08%， the soluble protein content increased by 56.25%-62.50%， and the total acid content decreased by 18.41%-31.07% under medium and low frequency water supplement. Moreover， the water use efficiency can be increased by 2.45%-16.60% by using 2-3 times of water supplement frequency. The results showed that the medium and low frequency water supplement frequency and the amount of water supplement under 16.46-21.46 m3·667 m-2 could promote the accumulation of nutrients in watermelon， improve the water use efficiency and improve the quality of watermelon in sand pressed field， which provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for high quality production.

Key words： Watermelon; Growth characteristics; Quality; Drip irrigation frequencies; Water use efficiency

压砂地西瓜是宁夏中部重要的经济作物之一，因中卫香山地区干旱少雨，年际间、季节间降雨量变化很大，且地下水含碱量高，不宜直接补灌，所以干旱年份西瓜减产十分严重。如何进一步提高西瓜灌溉水利用效率、促进西瓜高产优质生产，是亟待解决的问题。宁夏中卫市沙坡头区是我国西北干旱地区，年降雨量小于200 mm，蒸发量极大，水资源严重短缺[1]，硒砂瓜大量采用嫁接滴灌种植模式，势必增加农业用水压力，因此，水资源是影响硒砂瓜发展的关键因素[2]。要确定灌溉制度，灌溉频率是重要的指标[3]，不同频率直接影响土壤中水和氮的转移及植物根系对水和氮的吸收利用[4]。……