谢言东 郁继华 吕剑 颉建明 冯致 李金武 王舒亚 金宁 孟鑫 李雯琳

摘    要：为明确不同施肥模式在兰州地区露地甘蓝生产中的应用效果及其可行性，以甘蓝品种绿急为试验材料，采取田间小区试验，研究不同施肥处理对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，与常规施肥（N 135 kg·hm-2+P2O5 345 kg·hm-2）相比，化肥减量50%配施有机肥处理的甘蓝干鲜质量均增加，产量显著提高30.86%，甘蓝叶球可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别提高62.14%、64.76%、2.41%，且硝酸盐含量降低27.31%。主成分分析結果显示，化肥减量50%配施有机肥处理的排名最高。综合分析可知，化肥减量50%配施有机肥6000 kg·hm-2可以显著促进甘蓝生长，提高产量，改善品质，有效降低化肥施用量，可作为兰州高原夏菜甘蓝生产的推荐施肥模式。

关键词：甘蓝;有机肥;化肥;产量;品质;主成分分析

中图分类号：S635.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-052-06

Abstract： In order to clarify the application effect and feasibility of different fertilization modes in the production of open-field cabbage in Lanzhou， in this experiment， the cabbage cultivar Lvji was used as the test material， and adopted a field trial to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth， yield and quality of cabbage in open field. The results showed that， compared with conventional fertilization， the dry and fresh weight of cabbage treated with 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased significantly， and the yield increased by 30.86%， the soluble sugar， soluble protein and vitamin content of cabbage leaf bulbs increased by 62.14%， 64.76%， 2.41%， and the nitrate content decreased by 27.31%. The results of principal component analysis showed that， 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatment ranked highest. The comprehensive analysis shows that the 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer and the application of 6000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of cabbage， increase yield， improve quality， and effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer， it can be used as a recommended fertilization mode for summer cabbage production in Lanzhou plateau.

Key words： Cabbage; Organic fertilizer; Chemical fertilizer; Yield; Quality; Principal component Analysis

结球甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata）起源于地中海至北海沿岸，分布广泛，具有品质好、食用安全性高、耐热、抗病性强等特点[1-2]。近些年来，为了追求作物高产、获得短期的经济效益，农药和化肥过量施用，破坏了土壤生态平衡，造成土壤板结、土壤性状恶化、环境污染和蔬菜品质下降等一系列问题[3-4]。因此，优化土壤结构，调整施肥模式，减少化肥施用量，增施有机肥、微生物肥料，对农业的可持续发展意义重大[5-6]。

有机肥可以通过增加土壤中的有机质而改善土壤养分状况，提高微生物活性，改善土壤理化性质，有效降低土壤容重，促进作物对土壤养分的吸收，提高作物产量，改善品质，起到提质增效的作用[7-9]。……