缪其松 王东升 魏猷刚 黄少华 张燕燕

摘    要：为了提高黄萎病高发区设施连作茄子的产量和品质，降低黄萎病发病率和病情指数，在连作茄子10年以上的连栋玻璃温室内，开展了3年连续试验，研究蕹菜、大蒜与茄子间作及轮作对茄子产量、品质、黄萎病发病率及病情指数等的影响。结果表明，与蕹菜、大蒜间作和轮作2～3年，茄子产量、品质均显著高于对照;大蒜轮作3年茄子黄萎病发病率最低（16.9%），显著低于对照（46.4%）。综上所述，在设施连作茄子黄萎病高发地区，可使用蕹菜、大蒜与茄子进行持续间作或轮作来降低茄子黄萎病发病率和病情指数，提高茄子产量和品质，使用大蒜轮作的效果最好。

关键词：茄子;间作;轮作;产量;品质;黄萎病

中图分类号：S641.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-033-08

Abstract：In order to improve the yield and quality of continuous cropped eggplant and reduce the incidence and disease index of verticillium wilt in greenhouse， the effects of different cropping patterns （intercropping and rotation with spinach， garlic and eggplant）on the yield， quality， incidence of verticillium wilt and disease index of continuous cropped eggplant were studied. The experiment was repeated for three years in multi span glass greenhouse with continuous cropping of eggplant for more than 10 years. The results showed that： In the second and third year， the growth， yield， and quality of eggplants with different planting patterns were significantly better than the control， and the incidence of verticillium wilt of eggplant in three years of garlic rotation was the lowest （16.9%）， significantly lower than the control （46.4%）. Therefore， in the greenhouse where the incidence of verticillium wilt is more serious， the intercropping and rotation treatments with spinach and garlic for several years will significantly reduce the incidence of verticillium wilt and improve the yield and quality of eggplant.

Key words：Eggplant; Intercropping; Rotation; Yield; Quality; Verticillium wilt

設施土壤常因棚室内高温、高湿、高蒸发、无雨水淋溶等特点，容易出现土壤板结、养分失衡、土壤微生物区系失调、作物自毒物质积累等现象，造成土壤盐渍化、土传病虫害等连作障碍问题[1-3]。土壤障碍因子能抑制作物生长，致使作物发育不良、产量和品质降低，设施土壤连作障碍严重时，作物则完全不能生长[4-5]。中国是世界最大茄子生产国，2020年我国茄子种植面积达7.79×105 hm2，总产量达到3 694.3万t[6]。随着国内茄子生产逐渐基地化和专业化，重复种植显著降低了土壤某些养分含量和土壤相关酶活性，打破了土壤微生物平衡，增加了土壤病虫害发生概率，降低了茄子产量和品质[7-9]。

黄萎病是危害茄子最严重的土传病害之一，随种植年限增加，发病逐年加重 [10]。……