刘月 刘海河 张彦萍 李艳超 王亚伦

摘    要：设置4种不同浓度的硅酸钠处理，研究了甜瓜叶面喷施不同浓度硅酸钠对其产量、果实品质及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明，叶面喷施硅酸钠可以提高叶片光合速率，促进植株生长，增加果实产量，提高果实中酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性，显著提高果实中葡萄糖、果糖和维生素C含量。其中，硅酸钠浓度在30 mmol·L-1时处理效果最佳，其果糖、葡萄糖和维生素C含量分别较对照高31.33%、38.59%和 345.51%，在糖代谢酶中NI活性显著高于SS活性，各处理浓度均显著高于CK。综上所述，甜瓜叶片喷施硅酸钠的适宜浓度为30 mmol·L-1，可有效提高甜瓜果实产量、品质及相关酶活性，试验结果为田间生产实践提供理论依据。

关键词：甜瓜;硅肥;维生素C;糖积累;糖代谢酶

中图分类号：S652 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-028-05

Abstract：The experiment set up four different concentrations of sodium silicate treatments to study the effects of spraying different concentrations of sodium silicate on muskmelon leaves on yield， fruit quality and related enzyme activities， in order to find out the optimal sodium silicate concentration treatments on thick-skinned muskmelon fruits the impact of quality. The results showed that spraying sodium silicate on foliage can enhance leaf photosynthetic rate， promote plant growth， increase fruit yield， and increase the activity of acid invertase（AI）， neutral invertase（NI）and sucrose synthase（SS）in fruits The activity of sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）significantly increases the content of glucose， fructose and vitamin C in the fruit. Among them， the sodium silicate treatment has the most significant effect when the concentration is 30 mmol·L-1， and its fructose， glucose and vitamin C content are 31.33%， 38.59% and 345.51% higher than the control， respectively. The NI activity and SS activity of the glycogenase are shown significantly， the activity of NI was significantly higher than that of SS， and the concentration of each treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. Therefore， the appropriate concentration of sodium silicate sprayed on muskmelon leaves is 30 mmol·L-1， which can effectively improve the yield， quality and related enzyme activities of muskmelon fruit， and provide a theoretical basis for future field production practices.

Key words： Muskmelon; Silicon fertilizer; Vitamin C; Sugar accumulation; Sugar metabolizing enzymes

厚皮甜瓜（Melovar cantaloupensis L.）為葫芦科甜瓜属一年生蔓性草本植物，含丰富的维生素C、蛋白质、矿物质等，清新爽口，果味极佳，深受世界各国人民的喜爱[1]。目前，在农业生产中大多通过施用氮、磷、钾肥来促进甜瓜生长、提高甜瓜果实含糖量，但已经无法满足消费者对果实口感和风味的需求[2-3]。大量试验表明，硅有益于植物的生长，是植物生长发育不可或缺的元素[4]，硅肥对植株的影响主要表现在形态结构、生理机制和抗逆能力上[5]。水稻缺硅则根短，茎秆易倒伏，叶片松弛易早衰感病，千粒重降低，影响水稻产量与品质[6]。小麦缺硅，茎基部节间拉长，引起倒伏和感染各种病害，前期穗数减少，抗冻性差，中后期绿叶功能下降易早衰，籽粒干物量积累少，影响小麦产量和品质[7]。……