李小杰 邵欣欣 白静科 李胜利 刘畅 李淑君 郭艳春

摘    要：针对近年来临颍县辣椒病害日益严重、防治困难等问题，为明确病害发生种类，2020年6—9月对临颍县辣椒病害进行调查，采集具有典型症状的病害样品进行病原鉴定。调查结果表明，临颍县辣椒病害有病毒病、根腐病、疫病、立枯病、根结线虫病、早疫病、炭疽病和黑斑病等8种，其中，根茎部病害以根腐病为主，叶部病害以病毒病和早疫病为主，果实病害以炭疽病为主。对主要病害进行病原鉴定和致病性测定，将辣椒根腐病的病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum），病毒病的毒原有烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus，TMV ）、黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus，CMV）和马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y，PVY），早疫病的病原为链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata）。炭疽病的病原为喀斯特炭疽菌（Colletotrichum karstii），是引起辣椒炭疽病的初次报道。试验结果为辣椒病害的准确识别和精准防控提供了理论依据。

关键词：辣椒;临颍县;病害调查;病原;致病性

中图分类号：S641.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）12-010-06

Abstract： In view of the increasingly serious pepper diseases and difficult control in Linying county in recent years， the diseases of pepper in Linying county were investigated from June to September 2020， and the disease samples with typical symptoms were collected for pathogen identification. The results of the survey showed that there were 8 kinds of pepper diseases including viral diseases， Phytophthora blight， root rot， root-knot nematode， damping off ， early blight， anthracnose and black spot. Among them， root rot was the main disease in rhizome， viral diseases and early blight were the main diseases in leaf， and anthracnose was the main disease in fruit. The pathogen of pepper root rot was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Viral diseases include Tobacco mosaic virus， Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus Y. The pathogen of early blight was identified as Alternaria alternata. It was the first report that pepper anthracnose was caused by Colletotrichum Karstii. This study provides theoretical basis for the identification and prevention of pepper diseases.

Key words： Pepper; Linying county; Disease investigation; Pathogen; Pathogenicity

辣椒（Capsicum annuum）属茄科一年生草本植物，是我国重要的经济作物，具有极高的营养价值和经济价值。近年来，随着辣椒种植结构的不断变化以及受连作障碍和气候条件等的影响，辣椒病害日趋严重且呈现复杂化[1-2]。目前，已报道的辣椒病害有10余种，其中苗期病害主要有病毒病、猝倒病、立枯病、灰霉病等，成株期病害主要有青枯病、疫病、枯萎病、炭疽病等[3-6]，严重影响辣椒的产量和品质。辣椒疫病、枯萎病和炭疽病是辣椒生产中发生普遍且危害较为严重的几种病害，常造成巨大经济损失[7-9]。……