李晗 张广平 陈腾飞 高云航 宋玲 侯红平 叶祖光

摘要 诃子与草乌均为传统的常用蒙药，在蒙医药诸多经典著作中均有记载。诃子因在蒙药中使用率最高，而被誉为“蒙药之王”。草乌在蒙药中也有更为悠久的用药历史和广泛的用途。蒙医在临床治疗过程中用草乌必配合诃子，多以诃子汤炮制草乌入丸散剂，或多以配伍药对形式入煎剂。现就蒙药中诃子与草乌的概况及诃子与草乌配伍减毒增效的机制进行综述，为蒙药的毒性研究与用药安全提供理论依据。

关键词 蒙药;诃子;草乌;成分;炮制减毒;配伍减毒;减毒增效

Abstract Terminalia chebula and Aconitum kusnezoffii are both traditional Mongolian medicinal materials，recorded in many classic works of Mongolian medicine.Terminalia chebula is known as “the king of Mongolian medicinal material” because of its highest usage rate in Mongolian medicine.At the same time，Aconitum kusnezoffii also has a long history and it is versatile in Mongolian medicine.Mongolian medicine practitioners use Aconitum kusnezoffii together with Terminalia chebula：mostly prepare the later with the soup of the former to make it into pills or powder，or prescripted in pairs in certain decoctions.In this paper，the current research of Terminalia chebula and Aconitum kusnezoffii in Mongolian medicine and the mechanism of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency of compatibility were reviewed to provide theoretical basis for the toxicity research and drug safety of Mongolian medicine.

Keywords Mongolian medicinal material; Terminalia chebula; Aconitum kusnezoffii; ingredients; Processed to decrease toxicity; Compatibility reducing toxicity; Reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency

中图分类号：R282文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.24.025

蒙医药学作为我国四大民族医药之一，是蒙古族人民在长期日常生活与疾病斗争过程中积累的特色医药学理论与用药方法。现阶段，不仅只在蒙古族内部，蒙药也逐渐应用于全国各地。与此同时，有关蒙药安全性问题是广大医患共同关注的焦点，相关蒙药安全用药的研究也呈现逐年递增的趋势。在蒙药中，诃子与草乌这两味药材使用率极高，据现有资料记载，诃子这味药材出现在近半数蒙药中，誉有“蒙药之王”;同时具有祛风、除湿、散寒、止痛功效，用于治疗心“赫如虎”“赫依”“陶赖”和游痛症等疾病的草乌类蒙药也是蒙医临床常用药。

1 诃子药理研究

诃子（Terminalia chebula），又名诃黎勒，蒙医学上称为阿如拉（Arura），为使君子科植物诃子（Terminalia chebula Retz.），或绒毛诃子（Terminalia chebula Retz.Var.tomentella Kurt.）的干燥成熟果实。颜色多为暗棕色或黄棕色，形状多为卵圆形或长圆形，味道酸涩后甘甜。……