陈丽

The FIRST Winter Olympic gold medalist was Charles Jewtraw， from Lake Placid1 in the United States， when he won the 500 meters speed skating title in 1924.

The FIRST Winter Olympic female gold medalist was Herma Planck Szabo of Austria in the Figure Skating Event in 1924.

The FIRST Winter Games to be held in a different country from the Summer Olympics was at St. Moritz2， 1928.

The FIRST Winter Games hosted in a national capital city was Oslo3 in 1952.

The FIRST Winter Games to be televised were the 1956 Games in Cortina d’Ampezzo， Italy.

The FIRST Winter Games to have a dedicated4 athlete’s village was in 1960 Squaw Valley， USA.

The FIRST Winter Games to use a computer （courtesy of IBM） to tabulate5 results was in 1960 Squaw Valley， USA.

The FIRST Winter Games to be broadcast in color was in Grenoble， France in 1968.

The FIRST games （both winter and summer） for a mascot to appear was in 1968 in Grenoble—Schuss6—a man on skis.

The FIRST Olympic Games （both Summer and Winter） where gender testing7 was introduced was in Grenoble， France in 1968.

The FIRST Games to use artificial snow was the 1980 Games in Lake Placid8.

The FIRST person to win five individual gold medals in one Games （Summer and Winter） was Eric Heiden9， when he won all five men’s speed skating titles in 1980 （three of Mark Spitz10’s swimming gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympics were in relays）.

The FIRST black African skier to compete in the Winter Olympics was Senegal’s Lamine Guèye， who made his debut11 at Sarajevo 1984.

The FIRST time the Winter Olympics speed skating events were held indoors was in Calgary 1988.

The FIRST black athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal was Debi Thomas12 of the United States， finishing third in figure skating at the 1988 Games in Calgary.

The FIRST Winter Olympic medalist from the southern hemisphere was New Zealand skier Annelise Coberger who won a silver medal in the women’s slalom at Albertville in France in 1992.

The FIRST black athlete to earn winter gold was USA’s Vonetta Flowers in the women’s bobsleigh， at Salt Lake City in 2002.

The FIRST black male gold medal winner was Canadian ice hockey13 player Jarome Iginia， at Salt Lake City in 2002.

The FIRST Winter Olympics host city to hold the opening and closing ceremonies indoors is Vancouver in 2010.

The FIRST athlete to participate in both short track （1500m） and long track （5000m） speed skating was Haralds Silovs in 2010. He also became the FIRST to compete in two different disciplines on the same day.

The FIRST Winter Olympics held by the sea was in Vancouver in 2010， and some venues， such as the Richmond Olympic Oval are at sea level.

The FIRST time any competitions of the Winter Olympics was held before the Opening ceremony was in 2014 when a team event was added to the figure skating program， requiring the competition to start earlier.

The FIRST Winter Olympic Torch relay leg in space was for the Sochi 2014 Games—one leg of the relay involved a spacewalk by Russian cosmonauts.

The FIRST gold medal tie ever for an Olympic alpine skiing event was in 2014 when two gold medals， one to Slovenia and one to Switzerland， were awarded for Women’s downhill skiing.

Unlike the Summer Olympics， the canceled 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics are not included in the official Roman numeral counts for the Winter Games.14

No country in the Southern Hemisphere has ever hosted a Winter Games.

Gillis Grafström became the first person to win a medal in the same event in Summer and Winter Olympics， winning figure skating golds at the 1920 Olympics and in the same event at the first Winter Olympics in 1924.

Athletes have ever won medals at both the Winter and Summer Olympic Games： Jacob Tullin Thams （Norway）， Christa Luding-Rothenburger （East Germany）， Clara Hughes （Canada）， and Lauryn Williams （USA）. Clara Hughes15 is the only person ever to have won multiple medals in both. Christa Luding16 is the only person to win medals at the Winter and Summer Games in the same year. （This feat is no longer possible as the Winter and Summer games are now 2 years apart）

At the 1960 games at Squaw Valley， California USA， in an effort to impress spectators， Walt Disney was head of the committee that organized the opening day ceremonies. The Opening Ceremony was filled with high school choirs and bands， releasing of thousands of balloons， fireworks， ice statues， releasing of 2，000 white doves， and national flags dropped by parachute.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics， four brothers made up both of Mexico’s teams in the 2-man bobsled event—Eduardo， Jorge， Adrian and Roberto Tames—the most siblings to compete in a single Winter Olympic Games event.

Liechtenstein is the only nation to win medals at the Winter Games but not at the Summer Games.

Three nations have won more medals at the Winter Games than at the Summer Games： Norway， Austria and Liechtenstein.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics， Latvian athlete Haralds Silovs became the first athlete in Olympic history to participate in both short track （1500m） and long track （5000m） speed skating， and also became the first to compete in two different disciplines on the same day.

Winning gold can be lucrative： in 2014， any Kazakhstani athlete who claims gold will earn a cool17 US$250，000 for their efforts. Latvia is offering its athletes US$192，000 for a gold medal， with Ukranian gold medalists up for US$150，000.

★ 首位冬奥会金牌得主是查尔斯·朱特劳，他来自美国的普莱西德湖，在1924年冬奥会上获得男子500米速滑冠军。

★ 首位冬奥会女性金牌得主是奥地利的赫尔马·普兰克·绍博，她夺得1924年女子花样滑冰项目冠军。

★ 首届与夏季奥运会不在同一国家主办的冬奥会是1928年的圣莫里茨冬季奥运会。

★ 首届在首都城市举办的冬奥会是1952年的奥斯陆冬季奥运会。

★ 首次实现电视转播的冬奥会是1956年的意大利科尔蒂纳丹佩佐冬季奥运会。

★ 首次修建专用奥运村的冬奥会是1960年的美国斯阔谷冬季奥运会。

★ 首次使用电脑（由IBM公司赞助）来显示比赛结果的冬奥会是1960年的美国斯阔谷冬季奥运会。

★ 首次实现彩色电视转播的冬奥会是1968年的法国格勒诺布尔冬季奥运会。

★ 首次使用吉祥物的奥运会（包括夏季和冬季奥运会）是1968年的法国格勒诺布尔冬季奥运会，吉祥物名为“舒斯”，是一个滑雪的卡通人物形象。

★ 首次引入性别测试的奥运会（包括夏季和冬季奥运会）是1968年的法国格勒诺布尔冬季奥运会。

★ 首次使用人工造雪的冬奥会是1980年的美国普莱西德湖冬季奥运会。

★ 首位在同一届奥运会（包括夏季和冬季奥运会）上获得五块个人金牌的运动员是埃里克·海登，他在1980年冬奥会上独揽了五项男子速滑冠军。（之前1972年的慕尼黑夏季奥运会上，马克·斯皮茨有三块金牌是游泳接力赛的金牌。）

★ 首位参与冬奥会竞技的非洲黑人运动员是来自塞内加尔的拉明·盖伊，他首次亮相于1984年的萨拉热窝冬季奥运会。……