海上应急救助站点选址与救助船配置集成优化
2021-01-06娄帅钟铭张益璇
娄帅 钟铭 张益璇







摘要:为提高海上紧急事故救援效率,提出考虑救助船船型、高风险水域多重覆盖和搜救责任区需求的多重集合覆盖模型,并使用蚁群算法对模型进行求解。将该模型应用于渤海及其附近水域进行算例分析,得到救助站点选址与救助船配置方案,并对模型优化结果进行敏感性分析。该模型优化结果可为我国交通运输部北海救助局救助船队的更新方向提供参考。
关键词: 救助站点选址; 多重集合覆盖模型; 蚁群算法; 救助船配置
中图分类号: U676.8+1 文献标志码: A
Abstract: In order to improve the rescue efficiency of marine emergency accidents, a multiple set covering model is proposed, where the ship type, the multiple coverage of high-risk waters and the demand of different rescue areas are considered. The model is solved by the ant colony algorithm. The model is applied to the Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters for example analysis, the scheme for the rescue station location and rescue ship configuration is obtained, and the sensitivity analysis on the optimization results is carried out. The optimization results can provide reference for further development direction of the Beihai Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Transport.
Key words: rescue station location; multiple set covering model; ant colony algorithm; rescue ship configuration
0 引 言
随着海上航运业的快速发展,海上紧急事故的发生频率也逐渐增加。交通运输部救助打捞局统计的数据显示,平均每个月会发生各种类型的事故上百起。例如2019年9月:在山东烟台水域,渔船“鲁寿渔65168”失火,致使17名渔民遇险;在浙江舟山海域,货船“VANWAH”进水,致使15名船员遇险。事故不仅会造成人民生命财产的损失,而且会对社会和自然环境形成巨大的破坏。我国现阶段海上应急救助站点的设置已经不符合时代要求[1],为实现高效的搜寻与救助,合理设置海上应急救助站点至关重要[2]。因此,本文进行海上应急救助站点选址与救助船配置的集成优化研究,以保证应急救援行动的合理规划,提高救助效率。
目前,应急选址类研究主要集中在三个方面:仅考虑应急设施的选址研究;在已有应急设施基础上考虑应急资源的配置研究;综合考虑选址和资源配置的集成类研究。……
