刘彩霞 段爱旭 牛春红 薛文星 田巧珍

【摘要】 目的：探討心理疏导疗法在社区失能老人心理干预中的效果。方法：选取2018年10月-2019年6月在大同市平城区居住的60例失能老人，随机分为试验组和对照组，每组30例，试验组采取心理疏导疗法进行心理干预，对照组未给予任何形式的心理干预，仅给予疾病的家庭护理指导。采用SCL-90量表评价两组干预效果。结果：干预前两组SCL-90总分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），干预后两组总分均低于干预前，且试验组总分低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预前两组因子分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），干预后两组强迫症状和偏执因子分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），试验组其余因子分均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：心理疏导疗法能有效改善失能老人的负性情绪，提高其心理健康水平。

【关键词】 心理疏导疗法 社区失能老人 心理护理

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.26.033 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2020）26-00-03

Study on the Application of Psychological Counseling Therapy in the Nursing Care of the Disabled Elderly in Community/LIU Caixia， DUAN Aixu， NIU Chunhong， XUE Wenxing， TIAN Qiaozhen. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research， 2020， 18（26）： -90

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the effect of psychological counseling therapy in the nursing care of disabled elderly in community. Method： From October 2018 to June 2019， 60 disabled elderly people living in Pingcheng District of Datong City were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group， 30 cases in each group. The experimental group adopted psychological counseling therapy， while the control group was not given any form of psychological intervention， only gave home care guidance for the disease， the SCL-90 scale was used to evaluate the intervention effect of the two groups. Result： There was no statistically significant difference in the total score of SCL-90 between the two groups before intervention （P>0.05）， after intervention， the total scores in both groups were lower than those before intervention， and the total score in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in factor scores between the two groups before intervention （P>0.05）， after intervention， there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of compulsive symptoms and paranoid paranoia between the two groups （P>0.05）， other factors in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Psychological counseling therapy can effectively improve the negative emotions of the disabled elderly and improve their mental health.

[Key words] Psychological counseling therapy Community disabled elderly Psychological nursing

First-authors address： Datong University Medical School， Datong 037009， China

目前我国已进入急速老龄化阶段，老年人群的健康问题成为全社会关注的热点，失能老人也成为社会重点关注对象。截至2015年，我国完全失能和部分失能的老人达4 063万人，占总体老年人口的18.3%[1]，预计到2020年，失能老人将达到4 200万人[2]。该人群因常年疾病缠身，丧失自我照顾能力，加之老年人视力、听力、理解力下降，很容易形成自卑、孤独、烦躁、焦虑、抑郁等消极心理，进而导致躯体与心理两种因素相互影响，形成恶性循环，使得失能老人的晚年生存质量明显降低[3]。在宋平等[4]研究中提出，在满足失能老人医疗保健和日常生活照料的基础上，应大力发展社区精神卫生服务建设，关注失能老人心理健康问题，实施以需求为导向的長期照护服务机制，满足失能老人多样化需求。