姜春霞 张伟 贺亭峰

摘要 為了确定适合山西旱作条件下马铃薯高产高效的起垄种植方式，设置平作、起垄12.5 cm、起垄25.0 cm 3种不同起垄高度，分析不同起垄高度对土壤水热条件、马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，起垄25.0 cm显著降低了0～20 cm土层土壤容重，0～10 cm、10～20 cm土层起垄25.0 cm的土壤容重较平作分别降低了0.20和0.21 g/cm3;起垄主要降低了0～20 cm土壤水分，对深层土壤水分的影响较小，起垄25.0 cm的0～100 cm平均土壤贮水量较平作降低8.0%;马铃薯块茎增长期起垄25.0 cm的日平均地温均值较平作降低了0.55 ℃。随着起垄高度的增加，马铃薯产量呈上升趋势。起垄25.0 cm的马铃薯产量为38 691 kg/hm2，较平作、起垄12.5 cm分别增加15.2%和12.1%，且提高了马铃薯水分利用效率。因此，底宽80 cm、顶宽30 cm、垄高25 cm的梯形垄的种植方式降低土壤容重和土壤温度，有利于马铃薯块茎的形成、膨大及水分利用效率的提高，是山西北部旱地马铃薯种植的高效栽培模式。

关键词 垄作;土壤容重;土壤水分;土壤温度;产量

中图分类号 S532  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）19-0218-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.19.057

Abstract In order to determine the suitable ridging planting model for high yield and high efficiency of potato under dryland conditions in Shanxi Province，the field experiment with different ridge height of 0，12.5，25.0 cm was conducted to explore the effects of different ridge height on the soil moisture and temperature，the yield of dryland potato，and water use efficiency.The results showed that the soil bulk density of the ridge height 25.0 cm was significantly decreased in 0-20 cm soil layer than that of the traditional planting （CK）.Compared with the traditional planting （CK），the soil bulk density of the ridge height 25.0 cm decreased 0.20 and 0.21 g/cm3 in 0-10 cm，10-20 cm soil layer respectively.Ridging reduced the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm，but it had little effect on the moisture content in deep soil layer.Average soil water storage of the ridge height 25.0 cm decreased by 8% in the 0-100 cm soil layer than that of the traditional planting （CK）.In the potato tuber expansion stage，the daily average soil temperature of the ridge height 25.0 cm decreased 0.55 ℃ than that of the traditional planting （CK）.The potato yield showed an increasing trend with the increase of ridge height.The potato yield of ridge height 25.0 cm was 38 691 kg/hm2，which increased by 15.2% and 12.1% than that of traditional planting（CK） and ridge height 12.5 cm respectively.And the water use efficiency of  ridge height 25.0 cm was improved.Consequently，the planting method of trapezoid ridge with bottom width 80 cm，top width 30 cm，the ridge height 25 cm decreased soil bulk density and soil temperature，and it was beneficial to the formation and expansion of potato tubers，and the improvement of the water use efficiency，which could be used as an efficient planting pattern for planting dryland potato in north areas of Shanxi Province.

Key words Ridging planting;Soil bulk density;Soil moisture;Soil temperature;Yield

基金项目 山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YCX2017D2108）。

作者简介

姜春霞（1986—），女，山西浑源人，助理研究员，硕士，从事旱作节水技术研究。

收稿日期 2020-03-23

山西省地处黄土高原，纬度高、日照长、昼夜温差大、集中降雨期与马铃薯结薯期同步，马铃薯在全省南北均有种植，尤其以中北部种植栽培面积大且集中，是当地的优势作物，也是当地农民赖以生存和致富的作物。2016年山西省马铃薯播种面积16.7万hm2，总产量为208.4万t，单位面积产量12.5 t/hm2，仅为全国平均单位面积产量的51.85%[1]，距全国平均水平还存在一定差距。……