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Unit 1词汇要点讲解

2020-10-26李紫薇

考试与评价·八年级版 2020年1期
关键词:否定句代词麻烦

李紫薇

1. matter n. 问题;事情 vi. 要緊;有关系

matter为可数名词,意为“问题, 事情”,通常用于句型“Whats the matter (with sb.)?”

同义句有“Whats wrong (with sb.)?”和“Whats the trouble (with sb.)?”

—Whats the matter with him? 他怎么了?

—He has a headache. 他头痛。

【拓展】 matter还可作不及物动词,意为“要紧,有关系”,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

It doesnt matter. 没有关系。

【温馨提示】 wrong为形容词,其前不能加the。

2. trouble n. 麻烦;烦恼 vt. 麻烦 vi. 烦恼

have trouble with sth. 表示“有病痛,因……苦恼;在某方面有麻烦”,后面习惯接名词、代词或名词性短语。

She is having trouble with her teeth. 她牙齿痛。

He has some trouble with his English pronunciation. 他的英语发音有问题。

【拓展】 have trouble (in) doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难、费事”,后面习惯接动名词作宾语。

I have some trouble (in) reading the letter, for his handwriting is very bad. 我读这封信很困难, 因为他的书写很差。

3. stomach n. 胃

He woke up with a pain in his stomach. 他醒来时感觉肚子疼。

stomachache也是名词,意为“腹痛,肚子痛;胃痛”。

She had a stomachache and asked to be excused. 她肚子疼,请求离开一下。

【拓展】表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache (疼痛),可以构成合成名词。如:headache头痛;toothache 牙痛;earache 耳朵痛。另外,sore throat 喉咙痛;neck pain 脖子痛。

4. lie v. 躺;坐落在;处于……状态;说谎 n. 谎言;谎话;状态;位置

The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 司机看到一位老人躺在路边。

Thats a lie! 你说谎!

They thought the boys told lies about that thing. 他们认为男孩们在那件事上撒了谎。

【拓展】 第三人称单数现在时:lies;现在分词:lying;过去分词:lay;过去时:lain

5. sick adj. (身体或精神)生病的;有病的;不适的

Look at that sick boy. He is very sick. 看看那个生病的男孩,他病得很重。

【拓展】 ill 表示“生病的;有病的”,一般作表语,不作定语;而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语,如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick,而ill不可。

She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。

She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。

6. death n. 死;死亡

His father is drinking himself to death. 他的爸爸这样喝酒非醉死不可。

【拓展】 death, die, dead, dying

(1) death n. 是抽象名词,可作主语或宾语。

His death is weightier than Mount Tai. 他的死比泰山还要重。

I heard of his death when I got to his house. 我到他家时得知他已经去世了。

(2) die v. 死亡,死去

He was born in 1947 and died two years ago. 他生于1947年,死于两年前。

【温馨提示】 die表示瞬间动作,不与表示一段时间的状语连用。

那位伟大的人物去世十年了。

误:That great man has died for ten years.

正:That great man has been dead for ten years.

正:That great man died ten years ago.

(3) dead adj. 表示状态,可以在句中作表语和定语。

He is dead, but his name will live for ever in our hearts. 他虽然死了,但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。

It doesnt look like a dead fox. 看来它不像一只死狐狸。

(4) dying adj. 表示“生命垂危的”。

His good friend called that his grandma was dying. 他的朋友打電话来,说他的奶奶奄奄一息了。

7. to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是;出乎某人的意料

But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但出乎他的意料,他们都同意和他一起去。

【拓展】类似的固定结构:to ones joy 使某人高兴的是;to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是;to ones satisfaction 令某人满意的是

8. thanks to 多亏;由于;因为

Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时挽救了老人的生命。

【拓展】 thanks for表示“因……而感谢”,其中的thanks为复数名词,介词for指原因,后接名词、代词或V-ing形式。

Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

Thanks for inviting me. 谢谢你对我的邀请。

9. be used to 习惯于……;适应于……

be used to后接名词、代词或V-ing形式。

As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。

【辨析】 used to do表示“过去常常做某事”,其一般疑问句和否定句的构成方法要注意。

Used he to get up early?

= Did he use to get up early? 他过去常常早起吗?

He used to smoke, didnt he? 他以前抽烟,是吗?

He used not to get up early.

= He usednt to get up early.

= He didnt use to get up early. 他过去不早起。

10. so that以便,为了

so that引导目的状语从句,从句中的谓语动词通常和may / might, can / could等情态动词连用。

We got up early so that we could catch the early bus. 为了能赶上早班车,我们早就起床了。

【拓展】 (1) so... that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”,常用句型为:主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv.+that从句。

His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他对登山如此酷爱,以至于即使这次经历之后,他还是继续登山。

(2) so... that...从句可转换为... adj. / adv.+enough+to do...“足够……以至于……”或...too+adj. / adv.+to do...“太……以至于不能……”句型。

The girl is so young that she cant dress herself.

=The girl is not old enough to dress herself.

=The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小以至于不能自己穿衣服。

【牛刀小试】

一、根据句意、首字母及汉语提示填写单词。

1. There are some important m______ (问题) we need to discuss.

2. Fred is careless, so he often h______(弄伤) himself.

3. As usual, Mike went to school on f______(脚).

4. I didnt take an umbrella that rainy day, so now I have a bad h______ (头痛).

5. You look very tired. Why not take a r______(休息)?

二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Mr. Li stopped the bus because he saw an old man ______ (lie) on the road.

2. ______ (thank) to that job I became a reporter.

3. To ______ (he) surprise, all the passengers agreed to go to the hospital with him.

4. Anns mother cant attend the parents meeting because shes ______ (ill).

5. Many people ______ (die) from famine (饥荒) in Africa.

三、从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成句子。

rest, control, cough, die, themselves

1. His grandmothers ______ made the family feel sad.

2. Jim knows the importance of being in ______ of his life.

3. Tom and Jenny enjoyed ______ playing com- puter games.

4. I didnt feel very well. I ______ and had a fever.

5. He told me to drink more water and ______ for two days.

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