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全身麻醉与腰-硬联合麻醉在老年骨科手术患者的临床效果比较

2020-10-14张保权

中外医疗 2020年20期
关键词:效果

张保权

[摘要] 目的 比较全身麻醉与腰-硬联合麻醉在老年骨科手术患者的临床效果。 方法 方便选取2017年9月—2019年9月收治的112例老年骨科手术患者分为观察组与对照组,每组56例,对照组采取全身麻醉方式,观察组采取腰-硬联合麻醉方式,观察两组手术前、手术完成后的1、6、12、24 h的MMSE评分及不良反应发生率。结果 观察组术后1、6、12、24 h的MMSE评分分别为(19.23±2.51)分、(21.95±3.01)分、(22.16±3.36)分、(23.68±3.17)分,明显高于对照组(17.36±2.07)、(19.57±3.16)分、(20.42±2.84)分、(21.05±2.21)分,组间差异有统计学意义(t=5.954、6.751、5.076、6.074,P=0.015、0.006、0.018、0.007);观察组术后发生恶心呕吐(1.79%)、尿潴留(1.79%)、高热(1.79%)、神经损伤(0.00%)等不良反应的发生率均明显低于对照组(7.14%)、(5.36%)、(3.57%)、(1.79%),组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.654、5.428、3.844、3.844,P=0.000、0.001、0.009、0.016)。结论  腰-硬联合麻醉在老年骨科手术患者中的应用,对患者术后的神经功能影响较小,术后不良反应发生率较低,在非特殊要求的情况下,老年骨科手术可优先考虑采用腰-硬联合麻醉方式。

[关键词] 全身麻醉;腰-硬联合麻醉;骨科手术;老年患者;效果

[中图分类号] R614          [文獻标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2020)07(b)-0089-03

[Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical effects of general anesthesia and lumbar-hard anesthesia in elderly orthopedic surgery patients. Methods 112 elderly patients with orthopedic surgery admitted from September 2017 to September 2019 were convenient divided into an observation group and a control group, with 56 cases in each group. The control group underwent general anesthesia and the observation group underwent combined lumbar-hard anesthesia. The MMSE scores and incidence of adverse reactions before and after surgery in the two groups at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h. Results The MMSE scores of the observation group at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hafter operation were (19.23±2.51)points, (21.95±3.01) points, (22.16±3.36) points, and (23.68±3.17) points, which were significantly higher than those of the control group of (17.36±2.07) points, (19.57±3.16) points, (20.42±2.84) points, (21.05±2.21) points, the differences between groups were statistically significant (t=5.954, 6.751, 5.076, 6.074, P=0.015, 0.006, 0.018, 0.007), respectively; the incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting (1.79%), urinary retention (1.79%), high fever (1.79%), and nerve damage (0.00%) in the observation group were significantly lower In the control group (7.14%), (5.36%), (3.57%), (1.79%), the differences between the groups were statistically significant (χ2= 8.654, 5.428, 3.844, 3.844, P=0.000, 0.001, 0.009, 0.016). Conclusion The application of combined lumbar-hard anesthesia in elderly orthopedic surgery patients has little effect on the postoperative neurological function and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions is low, which gives priority to the use of combined lumbar-hard anesthesia.

[Key words] General anesthesia; Combined lumbar-hard anesthesia; Orthopedic surgery; Elderly patients; Effect

老年人的骨密度会随着年龄的不断增长而减少,脆性增强,因此老年人非常容易发生老年性骨折等骨性疾病,影响了正常的生活质量。手术是骨科疾病治疗的常用手段,实际应用中,为了减轻患者手术中的疼痛与不适,让手术治疗能够顺利进行,常需要采用局部麻醉或全身麻醉的方式。但是,麻醉药物的使用会对人体中枢神经产生刺激,影响患者术后的生理机能以及认知功能,尤其是老年骨科患者,因为身体器官功能受到限制,身体机能较差,对手术的耐受程度较高,老年骨科患者相对年轻人来说,需要承擔更高的风险,术后发生并发症的几率也更大,因而手术治疗中的麻醉方式受到人们的高度关注[1]。……

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