杨帆 周灵兵 刘乔虹

【摘要】目的 对2004-2019年南充市突发公共卫生事件进行特征分析，为提出措施有据可依。方法 整理2004-2019年南充市突發公共卫生事件报告数据，进行描述分析统计。结果 2004—2019年南充市通过网络报告突发公共卫生事件（含未分级）279起，罹患率1.7%，死亡率0.2‰，病死率1.0%;事件级别以“未分级”为主，占61.3%;事件类型以传染病事件为主，共报告241起，占事件总数的86.4%;事件发病病因和病死病因均以传染病为主;事件高峰期为每年3～6月及8～11月;高发场所为学校，共报告181起（64.9%）。结论 传染病和食物中毒是突发公共卫生事件发生的主要病因，尤其是学校，因此需要加强学校传染病防治和食品安全健康教育宣传力度，提升群众防范意识，养成良好行为习惯。

【关键词】：突发公共卫生事件;流行特征;分析

【中图分类号】R181.3 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2107-2306（2020）03-268-02

Abstracts： This paper analyzes the characteristics of public health emergencies in nanchong city from 2004 to 2019， and provides a basis for the proposed measures.Methods：Compile the data of public health emergency reports in nanchong city from 2004 to 2019， and conduct descriptive analysis and statistics.Consequence：From 2004 to 2019， 279 public health emergencies （including unclassified） were reported online in nanchong， with the incidence rate of 1.7%， mortality rate of 0.2 ‰ and case fatality rate of 1.0%. The incident level was mainly "ungraded"， accounting for 61.3%; The main types of events were infectious diseases， with 241 cases reported， accounting for 86.4% of the total. The main causes of disease and death were infectious diseases. The peak period is from march to June and August to November. High incidence was reported in schools with 181 cases （64.9%）.Conclusion：Infectious diseases and food poisoning are the main causes of public health emergencies， especially in schools. Therefore， we should strengthen the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and the education and publicity of food safety and health in schools， enhance the public awareness of prevention and develop good habits.

Key Words：Public health emergency;Popular features;Analysis

突发公共卫生事件是指突然发生，造成或者可能造成社会公众健康严重损害的重大传染病疫情、群体性不明原因疾病、重大食物中毒和职业中毒以及其他严重影响公众健康的事件[1]。由于对公众健康有严重的影响，突发公共卫生事件预防与处置已成为各地重要工作任务。随着南充发展加速，人口流动频繁，突发公共卫生面临巨大挑战。为了解和掌握南充市突发公共卫生事件流行特征，为下一步制定和改进突发事件防控策略和应对措施及研判风险提供基础数据，对2004—2019年南充市报告的突发公共卫生事件流行特征进行分析。

1 资料与方法