柴雪　郭维东　管福瑞　芦晓峰　胡艳　隋吉庆　张晓琳　何永鹏　姜涛

摘 要：为探索水流在消力池产生的水噪声随水流动量大小的变化规律，通过物理模型试验分析消力池内部水流动量对水流声压级的影响。结果表明：水流声压级随水流动量的增大而增大，二者成线性相关关系，且水流动量变化的幅值越大，其产生的水噪声声压级越大;应用SPSS数据分析软件得到消力池内部水流动量与声压级的拟合曲线;根据能量守恒原理，减小的动能部分以振荡能的形式存在，这其中就包含人耳所听到的水噪声。拟合曲线为水噪声的预测工作提供了理论基础。

关键词：消力池;水流动量;声压级;水噪声;模型试验

中图分类号：TV131.61   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.03.019

Influence of Flow Momentum on Water Noise in the Stilling Basin

CHAI Xue1， GUO Weidong1， GUAN Furui2， LU Xiaofeng1， HU Yan3， SUI Jiqing3， ZHANG Xiaolin3， HE Yongpeng1， JIANG Tao1

（1.School of Water Conservancy， Shenyang Agricultural University， Shenyang 110161， China;

2.Northeast Yucai School， Shenyang 110000，China;

3.Shenyang Shunyuande Engineering Consulting Co.， Ltd.， Shenyang 110000， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the variation rule of water noise with flow momentum under law Froude number， the influence of water flow momentum on the sound pressure level in the stilling pool was analyzed by means of physical model experiment.The results show that the sound pressure level increases with the increase of water flow momentum， and there is a linear positive correlation between them. SPSS is used to obtain the fitting curve of water flow momentum and sound pressure level at the inlet of the stilling basin. According to the principle of energy conservation， the reduced kinetic energy is converted into heat and dissipated， and some are dissipated in the form of oscillatory energy， which includes the water noise heard by the human ear. The prediction of water noise of fitting curve provides theoretical basis， which shows that curve fitting has practical significance.

Key words： stilling basin; flow momentum; pressure level; water noise; physical model experiment

国内学者对水工建筑物产生的水噪声问题进行了很多研究，大多集中于水工建筑物样式和尺寸以及水流流量、流速等对水噪声的影响，还未涉及水流动量这一影响因素。消力池是一种促使水流在泄水建筑物下游产生底流式水跃的消能设施，它起到了消能的作用，对应点位却伴随着较大的声压级，水噪声现象较为明显。张云清等[1]采用模拟试验的方法探讨比较3种跌坎的声压级，分析表明锐角跌坎降噪效果显著;胡志华[2]分析影响消力池内水流噪声的因素，并进行回归分析表明，堰型、消力池长度均对消力池内水流声压级有一定影响;郭维东等[3]采用模型试验的方法对溢流堰的声压级影响因素进行研究，分析表明噪声的最大值出现在消力池;郭维东等[4]在不同条件下对橡胶坝下泄水流水噪声进行测量，分析表明声压级与消力池尾坎、长度呈正相关关系。……