曲亚囡 周景行

摘要：随着科技的发展，人们渐渐加深对国际海底区域生物遗传资源的探索并认识到海洋基因宝库的重要作用，要将这些资源进行高效且合理开发和利用的前提就是在不损害任何国家利益的前提下进行公平分享，这就要求在正确的法律框架下适用这一类资源的管理活动。从人类共同继承财产和国际海底区域生物遗传资源的界定和法律属性出发，分析人类共同继承财产原则适用的国际法基础，找出人类共同继承财产原则适用于国际海底区域生物遗传资源的法律困境和破解路径，将人类共同继承财产原则纳入到遗传生物资源管理体系中来，才能真正实现全人类对于国际海底区域生物遗传资源的共享，实现“海洋命运共同体”的价值目标。

关键词：人类共同继承财产原则;国际海底区域;生物遗传资源

中图分类号：D993.5文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2020）03-0104-09

Study on the application of the principle of common heritage of mankind

to the biological resources of the international seabed area

QU Ya-nan，ZHOU Jing-hang

（College of Marine Law and Humanities，Dalian Ocean University，Dalian 116023，China）

Abstract：With the development of science and technology， people gradually deepen their exploration of the biological genetic resources of the international seabed area and recognize the important role of the treasure house of marine genes. The prerequisite for the efficient and rational development and utilization of these resources is the fair sharing without any harm to the interests of any country， which requires the application of the correct legal framework to the management activities of this type of resources. Starting from the definition and legal attributes of the common heritage of mankind and the biological genetic resources of the international seabed region， this paper analyzes the basis of international law applicable to the principle of the common heritage of mankind， then it points out the legal dilemma of the principle of common heritage of mankind applicable to the biological genetic resources of the international seabed area and finds the path to solve it. The paper is of the opinion that the goal of sharing genetic resources of the international seabed region fairly can only be achieved by incorporating the principle of common heritage of mankind into the genetic biological resource management system， thus， realizing the value goal of the “marine destiny community” can be truly realized.

Key words：principle of common heritage of mankind;international seabed area;biological genetic resources

国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性（简称BBNJ）问题国际文件谈判预委会的最后一次会议于2017年7月召开，这次会议取得了几项瞩目的成果，首先是明确了BBNJ的总体目标是通过《联合国海洋法公约》（简称《公约》）的有效执行来实现对国家管辖范围外海洋生物的养护与可持续利用，其目的是和平利用，其适用的地理范围包括水体、海床、洋底和底土。但是，这次谈判也遗留了很多问题，BBNJ究竟能否适用人类共同继承财产原则还存在着一定的争议，而且海洋遗传资源的获取与利益分享问题、知识产权应当如何保護也没有明确的结论，这些问题都留给了联合国大会来解决。……